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Define Veterinary Medical Terminology Flashcards
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Side A ------ Side B ventral ------ the belly or underside of a body cranial ------ toward the head anterior ------ front of the body rostral ------ nose end of the head cephalic ------ pertaining to the head medial ------ toward the midline superior ------ uppermost, above, or toward the head proximal ------ nearest the midline or nearest the beginning of a structure superficial ------ near the surface; also called external palmar ------ the caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus (from the antebrachial joint distally) dorsal ------ to the back caudal ------ towards the tail posterior ------ rear end of the body caudal ------ toward the tail lateral ------ away from the midline inferior ------ lowermost, below, or toward the tail distal ------ farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure deep ------ away from the surface; also called internal plantar ------ means the caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus (from the tibiotarsal joint distally) midsagittal plane ------ plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves; also called median; it is also called midline sagittal plane ------ plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts dorsal plane ------ the plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts; also called frontal plane or coronal plane transverse plane ------ the plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts; also called horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane anatomy ------ the study of body structure physiology ------ the study of the body function(s) pathophysiology ------ the study of changes in function caused by disease etiology ------ the study of disease arcade ------ term used to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth lingual surface ------ the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue palatal surface ------ the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue on both the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) buccal surface ------ the aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek; also called vestibular surface occlusal surfaces ------ the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew labial surface ------ the tooth surface facing the lips contact surfaces ------ the aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth mesial surface ------ the contact surface closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch distal surface ------ the contact surface is the one that is furthest from the midline of the dental arcade cranial cavity ------ hollow space that contains the brain in the skull spinal cavity ------ hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column thoracic cavity ------ also called chest cavity; hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm abdominal cavity ------ hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity peritoneal cavity ------ hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum pelvic cavity ------ hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory system organs formed by the pelvic bones abdomen ------ the portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity thorax ------ chest region located between the neck and diaphragm groin ------ lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh; also known as the inguinal area membranes ------ thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or organ peritoneum ------ the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in this area parietal peritoneum ------ the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities visceral peritoneum ------ inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs umbilicus ------ the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus; also called the navel mesentery ------ the layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity retroperitoneal ------ superficial to the peritoneum recumbent ------ lying down dorsal recumbency ------ lying on the back ventral recumbency or sternal recumbency ------ lying on the belly left lateral recumbency ------ lying on the left side right lateral recumbency ------ lying on the right side adduction ------ movement toward the midline abduction ------ movement away from the midline flexion ------ closure of a joint angle, or reduction of the angel between two bones extension ------ straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones hyperflexion ------ palmar or plantar movement of the joint angles hyperextension ------ occurs when the joint is flexed or extended too far supination ------ the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward pronation ------ the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned townward rotation ------ circular movement around an axis cytology ------ the study of cells protoplasm ------ the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus cytoplasm ------ the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus nucleus ------ structure of a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane nucleoplasm ------ the material in the nucleus chromosomes ------ the structures in the nucleus composed of DNA, which transmits genetic information genetic disorder ------ any disease or condition caused by defective genes and is inherited congenital ------ something that is present at birth anomaly ------ a deviation from what is regarded as normal tissue ------ a group of specialized cells that are similar in structure and function histology ------ the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue epithelial tissue ------ tissue that covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements epithelium ------ the cellular covering that forms the outer layer of the skin and covers the external surfaces of the body endothelium ------ the cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs including the blood vessels mesothelium ------ the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as the peritoneum
Side A ------ Side B ventral ------ the belly or underside of a body cranial ------ toward the head anterior ------ front of the body rostral ------ nose end of the head cephalic ------ pertaining to the head medial ------ toward the midline superior ------ uppermost, above, or toward the head proximal ------ nearest the midline or nearest the beginning of a structure superficial ------ near the surface; also called external palmar ------ the caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus (from the antebrachial joint distally) dorsal ------ to the back caudal ------ towards the tail posterior ------ rear end of the body caudal ------ toward the tail lateral ------ away from the midline inferior ------ lowermost, below, or toward the tail distal ------ farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure deep ------ away from the surface; also called internal plantar ------ means the caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus (from the tibiotarsal joint distally) midsagittal plane ------ plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves; also called median; it is also called midline sagittal plane ------ plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts dorsal plane ------ the plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts; also called frontal plane or coronal plane transverse plane ------ the plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts; also called horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane anatomy ------ the study of body structure physiology ------ the study of the body function(s) pathophysiology ------ the study of changes in function caused by disease etiology ------ the study of disease arcade ------ term used to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth lingual surface ------ the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue palatal surface ------ the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue on both the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) buccal surface ------ the aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek; also called vestibular surface occlusal surfaces ------ the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew labial surface ------ the tooth surface facing the lips contact surfaces ------ the aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth mesial surface ------ the contact surface closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch distal surface ------ the contact surface is the one that is furthest from the midline of the dental arcade cranial cavity ------ hollow space that contains the brain in the skull spinal cavity ------ hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column thoracic cavity ------ also called chest cavity; hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm abdominal cavity ------ hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity peritoneal cavity ------ hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum pelvic cavity ------ hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory system organs formed by the pelvic bones abdomen ------ the portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity thorax ------ chest region located between the neck and diaphragm groin ------ lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh; also known as the inguinal area membranes ------ thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or organ peritoneum ------ the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in this area parietal peritoneum ------ the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities visceral peritoneum ------ inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs umbilicus ------ the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus; also called the navel mesentery ------ the layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity retroperitoneal ------ superficial to the peritoneum recumbent ------ lying down dorsal recumbency ------ lying on the back ventral recumbency or sternal recumbency ------ lying on the belly left lateral recumbency ------ lying on the left side right lateral recumbency ------ lying on the right side adduction ------ movement toward the midline abduction ------ movement away from the midline flexion ------ closure of a joint angle, or reduction of the angel between two bones extension ------ straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones hyperflexion ------ palmar or plantar movement of the joint angles hyperextension ------ occurs when the joint is flexed or extended too far supination ------ the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward pronation ------ the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned townward rotation ------ circular movement around an axis cytology ------ the study of cells protoplasm ------ the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus cytoplasm ------ the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus nucleus ------ structure of a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane nucleoplasm ------ the material in the nucleus chromosomes ------ the structures in the nucleus composed of DNA, which transmits genetic information genetic disorder ------ any disease or condition caused by defective genes and is inherited congenital ------ something that is present at birth anomaly ------ a deviation from what is regarded as normal tissue ------ a group of specialized cells that are similar in structure and function histology ------ the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue epithelial tissue ------ tissue that covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements epithelium ------ the cellular covering that forms the outer layer of the skin and covers the external surfaces of the body endothelium ------ the cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs including the blood vessels mesothelium ------ the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as the peritoneum
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