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Side A ------ Side B Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid? ------ osteoclasts The medullary cavity of a child's bone may contain: ------ red bone marrow The long bones of the limbs grow in length by cell proliferation and hypertrophy in: ------ the metaphysis Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to ------ monocytes The walls between cartilage lucunae break down in the zone of: ------ bone deposition Which of these does not promote bone deposition? (dietary calcium, Vit D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, testosterone) ------ parathyroid hormone A child jumps to the ground from the top of a playground "jungle Gym." His leg bones do not shatter mainly b/c they contain: ------ collagen fibers One long bone meets another at its: ------ epiphysis Calcitriol is made from: ------ 7-dehydrocholesterol One sign of osteoporosis is: ------ kyphosis Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral called __________. ------ hydroxyapatite Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ________ in the bone matrix. ------ canaliculi A bone increases in diameter only by _______ growth, the addition of new surface lamellae. ------ appositional Most conpact bone is organized in cylindrical units called _______ , composed of lamellae encircling a central canal. ------ osteons The _____ glands secrete a hormone that stimulates cells to resorb bone and return its minerals to the blood. ------ parathyroid The ends of a bone are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called the _____. ------ articular cartilage The cells that deposit new bone matrix are called _________. ------ osteoblasts The most common bone disease is ______. ------ osteoporosis The transitional region btw. epiphyseal cartilage & the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called the ________. ------ metaphysis The cranial bones develop from a flat sheet of condensed mesenchyme in a process called _________. ------ intramembranous ossification The most common bone disorder is _________. ------ osteoporosis The growth zone is the ________. ------ epiphyseal plate Osteoclasts develop from stem cells relating to __________. ------ monocytes The protein of the bone matrix is _______. ------ collagen Only the ___________ is hemopoietic. ------ red blood marrow The vertebral bodies are derived from the _________. ------ sclerotomes Adults have _________ bones than children do. ------ fewer The _______________ of the temporal bone and maxilla also contribute to the arch. ------ zygomatic process The _______________ lies loosely against most of the cranium. ------ dura mater Lumbar vertebrae have _______________, but not transverse costal facets. ------ transverse processes Each hand and foot has how many phalanges? ------ 14 The upper limb is attached to the _____________. ------ glenohumeral joint The arm contains only the ___________, but the leg contains the ________ and _______. ------ humerus tibia, fibula The most frequently broken bone is the ________. ------ clavicle The ___________ is the opening in the floor of the greater pelvis leading into the lesser pelvis. ------ pelvic inlet Directionally: The diaphram is ________ to the lungs ------ inferior How many organs are contained btw. the parietal and visceral pleurae? ------ None Where is the liver located? ------ In the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions What lines the abdominal cavity and external surfaces of the stomach? ------ peritoneum Where is the sigmoid colon located? ------ in the lower left quadrant How much protein does the plasma membrane contain? ------ 1%-10% Osmosis is a case of __________. ------ simple diffusion The noncellular components of tissue include ________ and ________. ------ ground substance and fibers Macrophages develop from _________. ------ monocytes What is it called when one mature tissue type transforms into another? ------ metaplasia What is it called when one listens to the sounds of the body? ------ Auscultation What method is concerned with all aspects of medical imaging? ------ Radiology Nearly every cell contains many ________. ------ oraganelles _____________ was a textile merchant by trade. ------ Leeuwenhoek ______________ was probably an adaptation to the arboreal habitat. ------ Stereoscopic vision Which of these is not a paranasal sinus? (frontal, temporal, shenoid, ethmoid, maxillary) ------ temporal Which of these is a facial bone? (frontal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, lacrimal) ------ lacrimal What occupies the transverse foramina seen in certain vertebrae? ------ vertebral arteries All of the following groups of vertebrae except ______, which is a spinal curvature. (thoracic, cervical, lumbar, pelvic, sacral) ------ pelvic Thoracic vertebrae do not have... (transverse foramina, costal facets, transverse costal facets, transverse processes, pedicles) ------ transverse foramina Which of theese bones forms by intramembranous ossification? (vertebrae, pariteal bone, occipital bone, sternum, rib) ------ parietal bone The viscerocranium includes the ________. ------ maxilla Which of these is not a suture? (parietal, coronal, lambdoid, sagittal, squamous) ------ parietal The sella turcica contains the ___________. ------ pituitary gland The nasal septum is composed partly of the same bone as the ______. ------ cribriform plate Gaps btw. the cranial bones of an infant are called ___________. ------ fontanels The external acoustic meatus is an opening in the _________ bone. ------ temporal Bones of the skull are joined along lines called _________. ------ sutures The ______ bone has greater and lesser wings and protects the pituitary. ------ sphenoid A herniated disc occurs when a ring called the ___________ cracks. ------ anulus fibrosus The transverse ligament of the atlas holds the ________ of the axis in place. ------ dens The sacroiliac joint is formed where the ________ surface of the sacrum articulates with that of the ilium. ------ auricular We have five pairs of ________ ribs and two pairs of _______ ribs. ------ false, floating Ribs 1 and 10 are joined to the sternum by way of strips of connective tissue called _____________. ------ costal cartilage The point at the inferior end of the sternum is the __________. ------ xiphoid process The hip bone is attached to the axial skeleton through its _________. ------ auricular surface Which of these bones supports the most body weight? (ilium, pubis, femur, tibia, talus) ------ talus Which can be most easily palpated on a living person? (deltoid tuberosity, gr8ter sciatic notch, medial malleolus, coracoid process, glenoid cavity) ------ the medial malleolus Compared to the male pelvis, the pelvis of a female ___________. ------ has a rounder pelvic inlet The lateral and medial malleoli are most similar to ____________. ------ the radial and ulnar styloid processes When you rest your hands on your hips, you are resting them on the _________. ------ Iliac crests The disc-shaped head of the radius articulates with the _______ of the humerus. ------ capitulum All of the following are carpal bones except the ______, which is a tarsal bone. (trapezium, cuboid, traezoid, triquetrum, pisiform) ------ cuboid The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the _________. ------ ischium Which of these is the bone if the heel? (cuboid, calcaneus, navicular, trochlear, talus) ------ calcanues The Latin anatomical name for the thumb is _______, and the name for the great toe is _______. ------ pollex, hallux The acromion and coracoid process are parts of what bone? ------ scapula How many phalanges, total, does the human body have? ------ 56 The bony prominences on each side of your elbow are the lateral and medial _______ of the humerus. ------ epicondyles One of the wrist bones, the ________, is characterized by a prominent hook. ------ hamate The fibrocartilage pad that holds the pelvic girdle together anteriorly is called the _______. ------ interpubic disc The leg proper, btw. the knee and ankle, is called the _____ region. ------ crural The _______ processes of the radius and ulna form bony protuberances on each side of the wrist. ------ styloid Two massive protuberances unique to the proximal end of the femur are the greater and lesser _________. ------ trochanters The ______ arch of the foot extends from the heel to the great toe. ------ medial longitudinal Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called _________. ------ gross anatomy What technique requires an injection of radioisotopes into a patient's bloodstream? ------ PET scan The simplest structures considered to be alive are ________. ------ cells Who revolutionized the teaching of gross anatomy? ------ Vesalius What characteristics do humans share with all other chordates? ------ notochord, tail extending beyond anus, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal arches Who argued that all living organisms are composed of cells? ------ Schwann A person's blood sugar level rises & insulin is secreted. This stimulates cells to absorb glucose & thus brings the glucose level back to normal. Ex.? ------ homeostasis The word root 'histo-' means? ------ tissue The word root 'patho-' means? ------ disease The prefix 'hetero-' means? ------ different Cutting and separating tissues to reveal their structural relationships is called _____. ------ dissection ______ invented many components of the compund microscope and named the cell. ------ Robert Hooke The term for all chemical change in the body is _______. ------ metabolism Most physiology serves the purpose of ______, maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. ------ homeostasis ______ is a science that doesn;t merely describe bodily structure but interprets structure in terms of its function. ------ functional morphology When a Dr. presses on the upper abdomen to feel the size and texture of the liver, he/she is using a technique called _______. ------ palpation ______ is a method of medical imaging that uses X-rays and a computer to generate images of thin slices of the body. ------ computed tomography A/an _____ is the simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissue. ------ organ Depth perception, or the ability to form 3-D images, is called __________ vision. ------ stereoscopic Our hands are said to be _____ b/c they can encircle an object such as a branch or tool. Presence of a/an _____ thumb is important to this ability. ------ prehensile, opposable Which of the following is not an essential part of anatomical position? (eyes forward, feet flat, forearms supine, mouth closed, arms down to sides) ------ mouth closed A ring-shaped section of the small intestine would be a _____ section. ------ transverse Directionally: The tarsal region is ______ to the popliteal region. ------ distal Directionally: The greater omentum is ____ to the small intestine. ------ superficial A _____ line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis. ------ misagittal The _______ region is immediately medial to the coxal region. ------ inguinal Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb? (plantar, carpal, antecubital, brachial, palmar) ------ plantar Which of these organs is intraperitoneal? (urinary bladder, kidneys, heart, small intestine, brain) ------ small intestine In which area do you think pain from the gallbladder would be felt? ------ right upper quadrant Which of the following is not an organ system? (muscular, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, immune ------ immune system The forearm is said to be ____ when the palms are facing forward. ------ supinated The more superficial layer of the pleura is called the _____ pleura. ------ parietal The right and left pleural cavities are separated by a thick region called the _____. ------ mediastinum The back of the head is called the _____ region, and the back of the neck is the ______ region. ------ occipital, nuchal The manus is more commonly known as the ______, and the pes is more commonly known as the ______. ------ hand, foot The cranial cavity is lined by membranes called the ______. ------ meninges Abdominal organs that lie against the posterior abdominal wall & covered with peritoneum only on the anterior side have a/an ______ position. ------ retroperitoneal Directionally: The sternal region is ______ to the pectoral region. ------ medial The pelvic cavity can be described as ______ to the abdominal cavity in position. ------ inferior The anterior pit of the elbow is the ______ region, and the corresponding (but posterior) pit of the knee is the ____ fossa. ------ cubital, popliteal The clear, structureless gel in a cell is its ------ cytosol New nuclei form and a cell pinches in two during which phase? ------ telophase The amount of ____ in a plasma membrane affects its stiffness versus fluidity. ------ cholesterol Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the ECF are likely to show and abundance of ------ microvilli Osmosis is a special case of ------ simple diffusion Embryonic stem cells are best described as ------ pluripotent "having more than one potential outcome" The amount of DNA in a cell doubles during which phase? ------ the S phase Fusion of a secretory vesicle w/the plasma membrane & release of the vesicle's contents is ------ exocytosis Most cellular membranes are made by ------ the endoplasmic reticulum Matter can leave a cell by any of the following means except: (active transport, pinocytosis, facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion, exocytosis) ------ pinocytosis Most human cells are 10 to 15 ______ wide. ------ micrometers When a hormone cannot enter a cell, it binds to a _____ at the cell surface. ------ receptor _______ are channels in the plasma membrane that open or close in response to various stimuli. ------ gates Most ATP is produced by organelles called _______. ------ mitochondria Leakage btw. cells is restricted by intracellular junctions called ________. ------ tight junctions Thin scaly cells are described by the term ------ squamous Two human organelles that are surrounded by a double unit membrane are the _____ & _____. ------ squamous mitochondrion, nuclear envelop Liver cells can detoxify alcohol with two organelles, the _____ & _____. ------ peroxisomes, smooth ER Cells adhere to each other and to extracellular material by means of membrane proteins called ______. ------ cell-adhesion molecules A macrophage would use the process of _______ to engulf a dying tissue cell. ------ phagocytosis Transitional epithelium is found in which system? ------ urinary system The external surface of the stomach is covered by ------ a serosa "lines and encloses contents" The interior of the respiratory tract is lined with ------ a mucosa A seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with ______ epithelium. ------ stratified cuboidal When the blood supply to a tissue is cut off, the tissue is most likely to undergo ------ necrosis "premature or unnatural death of cells and living tissue" A fixative serves to ------ stop tissue decay The collagen of areolar tissue is prodeuced by ------ fibroblasts Tendons are composed of _______ connective tissue. ------ dense regular The shape of the external ear is due to ------ elastic cartilage The most abundant formed element(s) of blood is/are ------ erythrocytes The prearranged death of a cell that has completed its task is called ------ apoptosis The simple squamous epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity is called ______. ------ mesothelium (programmed cell death) Osteocytes and chondrocytes occupy little cavities called _______. ------ lucunae Muscle cells and axons are often called _______ b/c of their shape. ------ fibers Tendons and ligaments are made mainly of the protein _________. ------ collagen A ________ adult stem cell can differentiate into two or more types of mature cells, but not into just any type. ------ multipotent "Self-renew for long periods of time and differentiate into specialized cells with specific functions" An epithelium rests on a layer called the _______ btw. its deepest cells and the underlying connective tissue. ------ basement membrane Fibers and ground substance make up the _____ of a connective tissue. ------ matrix In _______ glands, the secretion is formed by the complete disintegration of teh gland cells. ------ holocrine Any epithelium in which every cell touches the basement membrane is called a _________ epithelium. ------ simple
Side A ------ Side B Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid? ------ osteoclasts The medullary cavity of a child's bone may contain: ------ red bone marrow The long bones of the limbs grow in length by cell proliferation and hypertrophy in: ------ the metaphysis Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to ------ monocytes The walls between cartilage lucunae break down in the zone of: ------ bone deposition Which of these does not promote bone deposition? (dietary calcium, Vit D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, testosterone) ------ parathyroid hormone A child jumps to the ground from the top of a playground "jungle Gym." His leg bones do not shatter mainly b/c they contain: ------ collagen fibers One long bone meets another at its: ------ epiphysis Calcitriol is made from: ------ 7-dehydrocholesterol One sign of osteoporosis is: ------ kyphosis Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral called __________. ------ hydroxyapatite Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ________ in the bone matrix. ------ canaliculi A bone increases in diameter only by _______ growth, the addition of new surface lamellae. ------ appositional Most conpact bone is organized in cylindrical units called _______ , composed of lamellae encircling a central canal. ------ osteons The _____ glands secrete a hormone that stimulates cells to resorb bone and return its minerals to the blood. ------ parathyroid The ends of a bone are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called the _____. ------ articular cartilage The cells that deposit new bone matrix are called _________. ------ osteoblasts The most common bone disease is ______. ------ osteoporosis The transitional region btw. epiphyseal cartilage & the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called the ________. ------ metaphysis The cranial bones develop from a flat sheet of condensed mesenchyme in a process called _________. ------ intramembranous ossification The most common bone disorder is _________. ------ osteoporosis The growth zone is the ________. ------ epiphyseal plate Osteoclasts develop from stem cells relating to __________. ------ monocytes The protein of the bone matrix is _______. ------ collagen Only the ___________ is hemopoietic. ------ red blood marrow The vertebral bodies are derived from the _________. ------ sclerotomes Adults have _________ bones than children do. ------ fewer The _______________ of the temporal bone and maxilla also contribute to the arch. ------ zygomatic process The _______________ lies loosely against most of the cranium. ------ dura mater Lumbar vertebrae have _______________, but not transverse costal facets. ------ transverse processes Each hand and foot has how many phalanges? ------ 14 The upper limb is attached to the _____________. ------ glenohumeral joint The arm contains only the ___________, but the leg contains the ________ and _______. ------ humerus tibia, fibula The most frequently broken bone is the ________. ------ clavicle The ___________ is the opening in the floor of the greater pelvis leading into the lesser pelvis. ------ pelvic inlet Directionally: The diaphram is ________ to the lungs ------ inferior How many organs are contained btw. the parietal and visceral pleurae? ------ None Where is the liver located? ------ In the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions What lines the abdominal cavity and external surfaces of the stomach? ------ peritoneum Where is the sigmoid colon located? ------ in the lower left quadrant How much protein does the plasma membrane contain? ------ 1%-10% Osmosis is a case of __________. ------ simple diffusion The noncellular components of tissue include ________ and ________. ------ ground substance and fibers Macrophages develop from _________. ------ monocytes What is it called when one mature tissue type transforms into another? ------ metaplasia What is it called when one listens to the sounds of the body? ------ Auscultation What method is concerned with all aspects of medical imaging? ------ Radiology Nearly every cell contains many ________. ------ oraganelles _____________ was a textile merchant by trade. ------ Leeuwenhoek ______________ was probably an adaptation to the arboreal habitat. ------ Stereoscopic vision Which of these is not a paranasal sinus? (frontal, temporal, shenoid, ethmoid, maxillary) ------ temporal Which of these is a facial bone? (frontal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, lacrimal) ------ lacrimal What occupies the transverse foramina seen in certain vertebrae? ------ vertebral arteries All of the following groups of vertebrae except ______, which is a spinal curvature. (thoracic, cervical, lumbar, pelvic, sacral) ------ pelvic Thoracic vertebrae do not have... (transverse foramina, costal facets, transverse costal facets, transverse processes, pedicles) ------ transverse foramina Which of theese bones forms by intramembranous ossification? (vertebrae, pariteal bone, occipital bone, sternum, rib) ------ parietal bone The viscerocranium includes the ________. ------ maxilla Which of these is not a suture? (parietal, coronal, lambdoid, sagittal, squamous) ------ parietal The sella turcica contains the ___________. ------ pituitary gland The nasal septum is composed partly of the same bone as the ______. ------ cribriform plate Gaps btw. the cranial bones of an infant are called ___________. ------ fontanels The external acoustic meatus is an opening in the _________ bone. ------ temporal Bones of the skull are joined along lines called _________. ------ sutures The ______ bone has greater and lesser wings and protects the pituitary. ------ sphenoid A herniated disc occurs when a ring called the ___________ cracks. ------ anulus fibrosus The transverse ligament of the atlas holds the ________ of the axis in place. ------ dens The sacroiliac joint is formed where the ________ surface of the sacrum articulates with that of the ilium. ------ auricular We have five pairs of ________ ribs and two pairs of _______ ribs. ------ false, floating Ribs 1 and 10 are joined to the sternum by way of strips of connective tissue called _____________. ------ costal cartilage The point at the inferior end of the sternum is the __________. ------ xiphoid process The hip bone is attached to the axial skeleton through its _________. ------ auricular surface Which of these bones supports the most body weight? (ilium, pubis, femur, tibia, talus) ------ talus Which can be most easily palpated on a living person? (deltoid tuberosity, gr8ter sciatic notch, medial malleolus, coracoid process, glenoid cavity) ------ the medial malleolus Compared to the male pelvis, the pelvis of a female ___________. ------ has a rounder pelvic inlet The lateral and medial malleoli are most similar to ____________. ------ the radial and ulnar styloid processes When you rest your hands on your hips, you are resting them on the _________. ------ Iliac crests The disc-shaped head of the radius articulates with the _______ of the humerus. ------ capitulum All of the following are carpal bones except the ______, which is a tarsal bone. (trapezium, cuboid, traezoid, triquetrum, pisiform) ------ cuboid The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the _________. ------ ischium Which of these is the bone if the heel? (cuboid, calcaneus, navicular, trochlear, talus) ------ calcanues The Latin anatomical name for the thumb is _______, and the name for the great toe is _______. ------ pollex, hallux The acromion and coracoid process are parts of what bone? ------ scapula How many phalanges, total, does the human body have? ------ 56 The bony prominences on each side of your elbow are the lateral and medial _______ of the humerus. ------ epicondyles One of the wrist bones, the ________, is characterized by a prominent hook. ------ hamate The fibrocartilage pad that holds the pelvic girdle together anteriorly is called the _______. ------ interpubic disc The leg proper, btw. the knee and ankle, is called the _____ region. ------ crural The _______ processes of the radius and ulna form bony protuberances on each side of the wrist. ------ styloid Two massive protuberances unique to the proximal end of the femur are the greater and lesser _________. ------ trochanters The ______ arch of the foot extends from the heel to the great toe. ------ medial longitudinal Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called _________. ------ gross anatomy What technique requires an injection of radioisotopes into a patient's bloodstream? ------ PET scan The simplest structures considered to be alive are ________. ------ cells Who revolutionized the teaching of gross anatomy? ------ Vesalius What characteristics do humans share with all other chordates? ------ notochord, tail extending beyond anus, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal arches Who argued that all living organisms are composed of cells? ------ Schwann A person's blood sugar level rises & insulin is secreted. This stimulates cells to absorb glucose & thus brings the glucose level back to normal. Ex.? ------ homeostasis The word root 'histo-' means? ------ tissue The word root 'patho-' means? ------ disease The prefix 'hetero-' means? ------ different Cutting and separating tissues to reveal their structural relationships is called _____. ------ dissection ______ invented many components of the compund microscope and named the cell. ------ Robert Hooke The term for all chemical change in the body is _______. ------ metabolism Most physiology serves the purpose of ______, maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. ------ homeostasis ______ is a science that doesn;t merely describe bodily structure but interprets structure in terms of its function. ------ functional morphology When a Dr. presses on the upper abdomen to feel the size and texture of the liver, he/she is using a technique called _______. ------ palpation ______ is a method of medical imaging that uses X-rays and a computer to generate images of thin slices of the body. ------ computed tomography A/an _____ is the simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissue. ------ organ Depth perception, or the ability to form 3-D images, is called __________ vision. ------ stereoscopic Our hands are said to be _____ b/c they can encircle an object such as a branch or tool. Presence of a/an _____ thumb is important to this ability. ------ prehensile, opposable Which of the following is not an essential part of anatomical position? (eyes forward, feet flat, forearms supine, mouth closed, arms down to sides) ------ mouth closed A ring-shaped section of the small intestine would be a _____ section. ------ transverse Directionally: The tarsal region is ______ to the popliteal region. ------ distal Directionally: The greater omentum is ____ to the small intestine. ------ superficial A _____ line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis. ------ misagittal The _______ region is immediately medial to the coxal region. ------ inguinal Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb? (plantar, carpal, antecubital, brachial, palmar) ------ plantar Which of these organs is intraperitoneal? (urinary bladder, kidneys, heart, small intestine, brain) ------ small intestine In which area do you think pain from the gallbladder would be felt? ------ right upper quadrant Which of the following is not an organ system? (muscular, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, immune ------ immune system The forearm is said to be ____ when the palms are facing forward. ------ supinated The more superficial layer of the pleura is called the _____ pleura. ------ parietal The right and left pleural cavities are separated by a thick region called the _____. ------ mediastinum The back of the head is called the _____ region, and the back of the neck is the ______ region. ------ occipital, nuchal The manus is more commonly known as the ______, and the pes is more commonly known as the ______. ------ hand, foot The cranial cavity is lined by membranes called the ______. ------ meninges Abdominal organs that lie against the posterior abdominal wall & covered with peritoneum only on the anterior side have a/an ______ position. ------ retroperitoneal Directionally: The sternal region is ______ to the pectoral region. ------ medial The pelvic cavity can be described as ______ to the abdominal cavity in position. ------ inferior The anterior pit of the elbow is the ______ region, and the corresponding (but posterior) pit of the knee is the ____ fossa. ------ cubital, popliteal The clear, structureless gel in a cell is its ------ cytosol New nuclei form and a cell pinches in two during which phase? ------ telophase The amount of ____ in a plasma membrane affects its stiffness versus fluidity. ------ cholesterol Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the ECF are likely to show and abundance of ------ microvilli Osmosis is a special case of ------ simple diffusion Embryonic stem cells are best described as ------ pluripotent "having more than one potential outcome" The amount of DNA in a cell doubles during which phase? ------ the S phase Fusion of a secretory vesicle w/the plasma membrane & release of the vesicle's contents is ------ exocytosis Most cellular membranes are made by ------ the endoplasmic reticulum Matter can leave a cell by any of the following means except: (active transport, pinocytosis, facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion, exocytosis) ------ pinocytosis Most human cells are 10 to 15 ______ wide. ------ micrometers When a hormone cannot enter a cell, it binds to a _____ at the cell surface. ------ receptor _______ are channels in the plasma membrane that open or close in response to various stimuli. ------ gates Most ATP is produced by organelles called _______. ------ mitochondria Leakage btw. cells is restricted by intracellular junctions called ________. ------ tight junctions Thin scaly cells are described by the term ------ squamous Two human organelles that are surrounded by a double unit membrane are the _____ & _____. ------ squamous mitochondrion, nuclear envelop Liver cells can detoxify alcohol with two organelles, the _____ & _____. ------ peroxisomes, smooth ER Cells adhere to each other and to extracellular material by means of membrane proteins called ______. ------ cell-adhesion molecules A macrophage would use the process of _______ to engulf a dying tissue cell. ------ phagocytosis Transitional epithelium is found in which system? ------ urinary system The external surface of the stomach is covered by ------ a serosa "lines and encloses contents" The interior of the respiratory tract is lined with ------ a mucosa A seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with ______ epithelium. ------ stratified cuboidal When the blood supply to a tissue is cut off, the tissue is most likely to undergo ------ necrosis "premature or unnatural death of cells and living tissue" A fixative serves to ------ stop tissue decay The collagen of areolar tissue is prodeuced by ------ fibroblasts Tendons are composed of _______ connective tissue. ------ dense regular The shape of the external ear is due to ------ elastic cartilage The most abundant formed element(s) of blood is/are ------ erythrocytes The prearranged death of a cell that has completed its task is called ------ apoptosis The simple squamous epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity is called ______. ------ mesothelium (programmed cell death) Osteocytes and chondrocytes occupy little cavities called _______. ------ lucunae Muscle cells and axons are often called _______ b/c of their shape. ------ fibers Tendons and ligaments are made mainly of the protein _________. ------ collagen A ________ adult stem cell can differentiate into two or more types of mature cells, but not into just any type. ------ multipotent "Self-renew for long periods of time and differentiate into specialized cells with specific functions" An epithelium rests on a layer called the _______ btw. its deepest cells and the underlying connective tissue. ------ basement membrane Fibers and ground substance make up the _____ of a connective tissue. ------ matrix In _______ glands, the secretion is formed by the complete disintegration of teh gland cells. ------ holocrine Any epithelium in which every cell touches the basement membrane is called a _________ epithelium. ------ simple
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