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Geology Flash Cards 4
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Side A ------ Side B What are the three magma types? ------ Basaltic - 50% silicon (hottest) Andesitic - 60% silicon Rhyolitic - 70% silicon (coolest) What does Bowen's Reaction Series show? ------ The relationship between temperature of magma and the rock thats formed. The less melted, the more mafic. Igneous rock types ------ Plutonic - Formed underground, tend to have large crystals Volcanic - formed from magma, tend to have tiny crystals What's viscosity? ------ The resistance to flow (molasses-like) Why are there explosive and non-explosive eruptions? ------ Low viscosity means gas can escape magma easily, relieving pressure. High viscosity = vice versa What comes out of volcanoes? ------ Pyroclasts - rock fragments Tephra - pyroclast deposits Ash Porphyritic Aphenitic Glassy ------ - large grains set in fine grains - small grains - glassy texture Crater vs Caldera ------ Craters are smaller while calderas are often several km wide What are the types of volcanoes? ------ Shield - short and barely inclined Tephra/cinder cone - cone-shaped Stratacone - tall and steep
Side A ------ Side B What are the three magma types? ------ Basaltic - 50% silicon (hottest) Andesitic - 60% silicon Rhyolitic - 70% silicon (coolest) What does Bowen's Reaction Series show? ------ The relationship between temperature of magma and the rock thats formed. The less melted, the more mafic. Igneous rock types ------ Plutonic - Formed underground, tend to have large crystals Volcanic - formed from magma, tend to have tiny crystals What's viscosity? ------ The resistance to flow (molasses-like) Why are there explosive and non-explosive eruptions? ------ Low viscosity means gas can escape magma easily, relieving pressure. High viscosity = vice versa What comes out of volcanoes? ------ Pyroclasts - rock fragments Tephra - pyroclast deposits Ash Porphyritic Aphenitic Glassy ------ - large grains set in fine grains - small grains - glassy texture Crater vs Caldera ------ Craters are smaller while calderas are often several km wide What are the types of volcanoes? ------ Shield - short and barely inclined Tephra/cinder cone - cone-shaped Stratacone - tall and steep
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