Download (Endocrine System Vocabulary, Chapter 18) Flashcard

Choose a format below:

TEXT Format (.txt) MS-Excel Format (.xls)

Select delimiter » Comma Semicolon Tab New Line Custom

Preview »

Side A ------ Side B
adrenal cortex ------ Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones.
adrenal medulla ------ Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
ovaries ------ Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.
pancreas ------ Located behind the stomach.  
parathyroid glands ------ Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland.  
pituitary gland (hypophysis) ------ Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophsis).
testes ------ Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male.
thyroid gland ------ Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine.
adrenaline (epinephrine) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increased heart rate and blook pressure.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin.  ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.
aldosterone ------ Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increase salt (sodium) reabsorption.
androgen ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurophpopphysis) ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.
calcitonin ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.
cortisol ------ Secreted by te adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar.  It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-flammatory effect.
epinephrine (adrenaline) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic).
estradiol ------ Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries.
estrogen ------ Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser estent by the adrenal cortex.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland adenohypophysis).  
glucagon ------ Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.
growth hormone (GH); somatotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.
insulin ------ Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas.  Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch)
luteinizing hormone (LH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
norepinephrine ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure.
oxytocin (OT) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.
parathormone (PTH) ------ Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.
progesterone ------ Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
prolactin (PRL) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland promotes milk secretion.
somatotropin (STH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone.
testosterone ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.  Not secreted by the thyroid gland.
thyroxine (T4) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine.  T4 increases metabolism in cells.
triiodothyronine (T3) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.
vasopressin ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
catecholamines ------ Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla.  Epinephrine is a catecholamine.
corticosteroids ------ Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex.   Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys) and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)
electrolyte ------ Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes.
glucocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulares glucose, fat, and protein metabolism.  Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.
homeostasis ------ Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.
hormone ------ Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.
hypothalamus ------ Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary grland.  It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.
mineralocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate meineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body.  Adlosterone is an example.
receptor ------ Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.
sella turcica ------ Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland.
sex hormones ------ Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics.
steroid ------ Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made.  Examples are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
sympathomimetic ------ Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.  Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways).
target tissue ------ Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.

Side A ------ Side B
adrenal cortex ------ Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones.
adrenal medulla ------ Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
ovaries ------ Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.
pancreas ------ Located behind the stomach.  
parathyroid glands ------ Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland.  
pituitary gland (hypophysis) ------ Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophsis).
testes ------ Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male.
thyroid gland ------ Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine.
adrenaline (epinephrine) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increased heart rate and blook pressure.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin.  ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.
aldosterone ------ Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increase salt (sodium) reabsorption.
androgen ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurophpopphysis) ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.
calcitonin ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.
cortisol ------ Secreted by te adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar.  It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-flammatory effect.
epinephrine (adrenaline) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic).
estradiol ------ Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries.
estrogen ------ Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser estent by the adrenal cortex.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland adenohypophysis).  
glucagon ------ Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.
growth hormone (GH); somatotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.
insulin ------ Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas.  Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch)
luteinizing hormone (LH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
norepinephrine ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure.
oxytocin (OT) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.
parathormone (PTH) ------ Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.
progesterone ------ Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
prolactin (PRL) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland promotes milk secretion.
somatotropin (STH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone.
testosterone ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.  Not secreted by the thyroid gland.
thyroxine (T4) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine.  T4 increases metabolism in cells.
triiodothyronine (T3) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.
vasopressin ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
catecholamines ------ Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla.  Epinephrine is a catecholamine.
corticosteroids ------ Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex.   Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys) and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)
electrolyte ------ Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes.
glucocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulares glucose, fat, and protein metabolism.  Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.
homeostasis ------ Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.
hormone ------ Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.
hypothalamus ------ Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary grland.  It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.
mineralocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate meineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body.  Adlosterone is an example.
receptor ------ Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.
sella turcica ------ Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland.
sex hormones ------ Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics.
steroid ------ Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made.  Examples are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
sympathomimetic ------ Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.  Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways).
target tissue ------ Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.