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Endocrine System Vocabulary, Chapter 18
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Side A ------ Side B adrenal cortex ------ Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones. adrenal medulla ------ Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. ovaries ------ Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion. pancreas ------ Located behind the stomach. parathyroid glands ------ Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. pituitary gland (hypophysis) ------ Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophsis). testes ------ Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male. thyroid gland ------ Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine. adrenaline (epinephrine) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increased heart rate and blook pressure. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex. aldosterone ------ Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increase salt (sodium) reabsorption. androgen ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurophpopphysis) ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney. calcitonin ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels. cortisol ------ Secreted by te adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-flammatory effect. epinephrine (adrenaline) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). estradiol ------ Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries. estrogen ------ Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser estent by the adrenal cortex. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland adenohypophysis). glucagon ------ Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose. growth hormone (GH); somatotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues. insulin ------ Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch) luteinizing hormone (LH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males. norepinephrine ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure. oxytocin (OT) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth. parathormone (PTH) ------ Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium. progesterone ------ Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy. prolactin (PRL) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland promotes milk secretion. somatotropin (STH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone. testosterone ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Not secreted by the thyroid gland. thyroxine (T4) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells. triiodothyronine (T3) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells. vasopressin ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) catecholamines ------ Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine. corticosteroids ------ Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys) and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones) electrolyte ------ Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes. glucocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulares glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response. homeostasis ------ Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment. hormone ------ Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland. hypothalamus ------ Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary grland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland. mineralocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate meineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Adlosterone is an example. receptor ------ Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited. sella turcica ------ Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland. sex hormones ------ Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics. steroid ------ Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. sympathomimetic ------ Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways). target tissue ------ Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.
Side A ------ Side B adrenal cortex ------ Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones. adrenal medulla ------ Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. ovaries ------ Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion. pancreas ------ Located behind the stomach. parathyroid glands ------ Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. pituitary gland (hypophysis) ------ Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophsis). testes ------ Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male. thyroid gland ------ Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine. adrenaline (epinephrine) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increased heart rate and blook pressure. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex. aldosterone ------ Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increase salt (sodium) reabsorption. androgen ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurophpopphysis) ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney. calcitonin ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels. cortisol ------ Secreted by te adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-flammatory effect. epinephrine (adrenaline) ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). estradiol ------ Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries. estrogen ------ Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser estent by the adrenal cortex. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland adenohypophysis). glucagon ------ Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose. growth hormone (GH); somatotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues. insulin ------ Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch) luteinizing hormone (LH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males. norepinephrine ------ Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure. oxytocin (OT) ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth. parathormone (PTH) ------ Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium. progesterone ------ Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy. prolactin (PRL) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland promotes milk secretion. somatotropin (STH) ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone. testosterone ------ Male hormone secreted by the testes. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin ------ Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Not secreted by the thyroid gland. thyroxine (T4) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells. triiodothyronine (T3) ------ Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells. vasopressin ------ Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) catecholamines ------ Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine. corticosteroids ------ Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys) and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones) electrolyte ------ Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes. glucocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulares glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response. homeostasis ------ Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment. hormone ------ Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland. hypothalamus ------ Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary grland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland. mineralocorticoid ------ Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate meineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Adlosterone is an example. receptor ------ Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited. sella turcica ------ Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland. sex hormones ------ Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics. steroid ------ Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. sympathomimetic ------ Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways). target tissue ------ Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.
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