Download Flashcard: DN 240 Pharmacology at Free Flash Cards Maker

Download (DN 240 Pharmacology) Flashcards

Choose a format below:

TEXT Format (.txt) MS-Excel Format (.xls)

Preview »

Side A ------ Side B
WHat other type drug can also be used to treat CHF? ------ ACE Inhibitor can also be used to treat CHF
ex: Enalapril (Vasotec) used primarily for CHF
Managing Dental Patients taking Digoxin? ------ 1. Make sure they have their medications for the day
2. Watch for overdose side effects such as nausea, vision changes, and Copious salivation (increase salivation)
3. Use EPINEPHRINE with CAUTION to minimize arrhythmias -> cause increase sympathetic activity
4. Monitor pulse to check for Bradycardia
WHat are the 4 Adverse Reactions of Cardiac Glycosides? ------ 1. GI
2. Arrhythmias
3. Neurologic
4. Increase Salivation
What are the 4 Drug Interactions to Cardiac Glycosides? ------ 1. Sympathomimetic agents- OTC cough and cold
2. Adrenergic -  increases digoxin levels (in 10% of patients)
3. Tetracycline - increases digoxin levels (in 10% of patients)
4. Epinephrine - may result in arrhythmias
What are the different drugs available to treat CHF? ------ 1. Digoxin - Lanoxin
2. Digitoxin - Digitalis
Explain the Pharmacological effects of Cardiac Glycosides? ------ Pharmacological effect -" Inotrophic effect"
1. Increases the force and strength of contraction of the failing heart
2. Improves circulation and Chronotrophic cardiac output
3. * Increase contractile strength
WHat 2 things are Cardiac Glycosides used for? ------ 1. Congestive Heart Failure
2. Atrial fibrillation
What is Congestive Heart Failure?? ------ 1. Enlargement of heart
2. Inability to provide cardiac output
3. Tachycardia
4. Blood accumulates in failing ventricles
5. Enlargement of ventricles
6. Ineffective pumping of blood
WHat are the 6 classification of Drugs used to treat CVD? ------ 1. Cardiac Glycosides
2. Antiarryhythmics
3. Antiangina
4. Anticoagulants
5. Antihypertensive agents
6. Antihyperlipidemic agents
What are the 5 Cardiovascular Contraindications to Dental Treatment? ------ 1. Acute/ recent myocardial infarction (within the preceding 3-6 months)
2. Unstable or the recent onset of angina pectoris
3. Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
4. Uncontrolled arrhythmias
5. Significant uncontrolled hypertension
A patient taking digitalis probably has
A. Angina pectoris/ atherosclerosis
B. Atherosclerosis/ congestive heart failure
C. Congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation
D. Atrial fibrillation/ essential hypertension ------ C. Congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation
Define Arrhythmias? ------ 1. Irregular/ abnormal heart beats
2. Abnormal impulse conduction -caused by MI, arteriosclerosis, heart block
Anti-arrhythmic agents are used to restore __? ------ Restore synchronous myocardial contraction
Anti- Arrhythmic Agents' general Adverse Reactions are? ------ 1. Hypotension
2. Bradycardia
3. Blurred vision
Anti- Arrhythmic Agents' Adverse reactions related to which specific drugs?? ------ ex: Calcium Channel Blockers
(Verapamil- Calan) -gingival hyperplasia
Anti- Arrhythmic Agent's Drug Interactions? ------ Increased CNS effects such as diziness & anxiety are possible with local anesthetics
What is the Therapeutic Goal of Anti-arrhythmic agents? ------ Restore synchronous myocardial contraction
How many Classes of Anti- Arrhythmic agents are there? ------ 4
Class I, II, III, IV
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class I Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class I drug? ------ * SOdium CHannel Blockers: Block conduction rate
Ex: Quinidine (Quinolone)
       Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
 
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class II Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class II drug? ------ *Block B2- adrenergic receptors
* Decrease sympathetic effects and slowing heart rate
Ex: Inderol (Propranolol)
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class III Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class III drug? ------ *Potassium Blockers (K+ blockers)
* Drugs bind/block the potassium channels preventing K from moving out of the cell - delay repolarization
Ex: bretylium (Bretylan)
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class Iv Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class Iv drug? ------ *Calcium Channel Blockers
* Drugs block calcium entry into the cell
Ex: Verapamil (Calan)
WHat is Angina Pectoris? ------ Pain, discomfort in chest that radiates to left arm and shoulder caused by a lack of O2 to cardiac muscle
- an imbalance of O2 supply & demand
* ANgina occurs when the coronary arteries cannot meet the oxygen demand placed on the heart

Side A ------ Side B
WHat other type drug can also be used to treat CHF? ------ ACE Inhibitor can also be used to treat CHF
ex: Enalapril (Vasotec) used primarily for CHF
Managing Dental Patients taking Digoxin? ------ 1. Make sure they have their medications for the day
2. Watch for overdose side effects such as nausea, vision changes, and Copious salivation (increase salivation)
3. Use EPINEPHRINE with CAUTION to minimize arrhythmias -> cause increase sympathetic activity
4. Monitor pulse to check for Bradycardia
WHat are the 4 Adverse Reactions of Cardiac Glycosides? ------ 1. GI
2. Arrhythmias
3. Neurologic
4. Increase Salivation
What are the 4 Drug Interactions to Cardiac Glycosides? ------ 1. Sympathomimetic agents- OTC cough and cold
2. Adrenergic -  increases digoxin levels (in 10% of patients)
3. Tetracycline - increases digoxin levels (in 10% of patients)
4. Epinephrine - may result in arrhythmias
What are the different drugs available to treat CHF? ------ 1. Digoxin - Lanoxin
2. Digitoxin - Digitalis
Explain the Pharmacological effects of Cardiac Glycosides? ------ Pharmacological effect -" Inotrophic effect"
1. Increases the force and strength of contraction of the failing heart
2. Improves circulation and Chronotrophic cardiac output
3. * Increase contractile strength
WHat 2 things are Cardiac Glycosides used for? ------ 1. Congestive Heart Failure
2. Atrial fibrillation
What is Congestive Heart Failure?? ------ 1. Enlargement of heart
2. Inability to provide cardiac output
3. Tachycardia
4. Blood accumulates in failing ventricles
5. Enlargement of ventricles
6. Ineffective pumping of blood
WHat are the 6 classification of Drugs used to treat CVD? ------ 1. Cardiac Glycosides
2. Antiarryhythmics
3. Antiangina
4. Anticoagulants
5. Antihypertensive agents
6. Antihyperlipidemic agents
What are the 5 Cardiovascular Contraindications to Dental Treatment? ------ 1. Acute/ recent myocardial infarction (within the preceding 3-6 months)
2. Unstable or the recent onset of angina pectoris
3. Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
4. Uncontrolled arrhythmias
5. Significant uncontrolled hypertension
A patient taking digitalis probably has
A. Angina pectoris/ atherosclerosis
B. Atherosclerosis/ congestive heart failure
C. Congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation
D. Atrial fibrillation/ essential hypertension ------ C. Congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation
Define Arrhythmias? ------ 1. Irregular/ abnormal heart beats
2. Abnormal impulse conduction -caused by MI, arteriosclerosis, heart block
Anti-arrhythmic agents are used to restore __? ------ Restore synchronous myocardial contraction
Anti- Arrhythmic Agents' general Adverse Reactions are? ------ 1. Hypotension
2. Bradycardia
3. Blurred vision
Anti- Arrhythmic Agents' Adverse reactions related to which specific drugs?? ------ ex: Calcium Channel Blockers
(Verapamil- Calan) -gingival hyperplasia
Anti- Arrhythmic Agent's Drug Interactions? ------ Increased CNS effects such as diziness & anxiety are possible with local anesthetics
What is the Therapeutic Goal of Anti-arrhythmic agents? ------ Restore synchronous myocardial contraction
How many Classes of Anti- Arrhythmic agents are there? ------ 4
Class I, II, III, IV
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class I Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class I drug? ------ * SOdium CHannel Blockers: Block conduction rate
Ex: Quinidine (Quinolone)
       Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
 
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class II Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class II drug? ------ *Block B2- adrenergic receptors
* Decrease sympathetic effects and slowing heart rate
Ex: Inderol (Propranolol)
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class III Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class III drug? ------ *Potassium Blockers (K+ blockers)
* Drugs bind/block the potassium channels preventing K from moving out of the cell - delay repolarization
Ex: bretylium (Bretylan)
WHat's the Mechanism of Action for Class Iv Antiarrhythmic agents? Example of Class Iv drug? ------ *Calcium Channel Blockers
* Drugs block calcium entry into the cell
Ex: Verapamil (Calan)
WHat is Angina Pectoris? ------ Pain, discomfort in chest that radiates to left arm and shoulder caused by a lack of O2 to cardiac muscle
- an imbalance of O2 supply & demand
* ANgina occurs when the coronary arteries cannot meet the oxygen demand placed on the heart