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Side A ------ Side B
Anterograde Amnesia ------ Loss of memory for events that occur after a head injury
Attention ------ Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
Chunk ------ A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
Clustering ------ Tendancy to remember similar or related items in groups
Conceptual hierarchy ------ multilevel classification system based on common properties among items
Connectionist Models ------ PDP models
Consolidation ------ hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of the information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory
Decay theory ------ the idea that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time
Declarative memory system ------ memory for factual information
Dual-coding theory ------ Paivo's theory that memory is inhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either can lead to recall
Elaboration ------ linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
Encoding ------ forming a memory code
encoding specific principal ------ the idea that the value of a retreival cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code
episodic memory system ------ chronological recollations of personal experiences
explicit memory ------ intentional recollation of previous experiences
flashbulb memory ------ unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentuous events
forgetting curve ------ graph showing retention and forgetting over time
implicit theory ------ type of memory apparent when retention is exhibited on a task that does not require intentional remembering
interference theory ------ the idea that people forget information because of competition from other material
keyword method ------ a mnemonic technique in which one associates a concrete word with an abstract word and generates an image to represent the concrete word
levels of processing theory ------ theory holding that deeper levels of mental processing result in longer lasting memory codes
link method ------ forming a mental image of items to be remembered in a way that links them together
long term memory ------ an unlimited capacity store that can hold information for lengthy periods of time
long term potentation ------ a long lasting increase in neural excitability in synapses along a specific neural pathway
method of loci ------ mnemonic device that involves taking an imainary walk along a familiar pathway where images of items to be remembered are associated with certain locations
mnemonic devices ------ strategies for inhancing memory
nondeclarative memory system ------ memory for actions
overlearning ------ continued rehearsal of material after one first appears to have mastered it
parallel distributed processing models ------ models of memory that assume cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks
proactive interference ------ a memory problem that occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
procedural memory system ------ the repository of memores for actions, skills, and operations
reality monitoring ------ the process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources or internal sources
recall ------ a memory test that requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any ques
rehearsal ------ the process of repetitively verbalizing or thining about information to be stored in memory
relearning ------ a memory test that requires a subject to memorize information a second time to determine how much time/effort is saved by having learned it before
repression ------ keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconcious
retention ------ the proportion of material retained
retereival ------ recovering information from memory stores
retrograde amnesia ------ loss of memories for events that occured prior to a head injury
retroactive interference ------ a memory problem that occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information
retrospective memory ------ the ability to remember events from the past or previously learned information
schema ------ an organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or sequence of events
script ------ a type of schema that organizes what people know about common activities
self-referent encoding ------ deciding how or whether information is personally relevent
semantic memory system ------ general  knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned
sensory memory ------ the preservation of information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second
serial-position effect ------ in memory tests, the fact that subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of the list than for items in the middle
short-term memory ------ a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20-30 seconds
source monitoring ------ the process of making attributions about the origin of memories
source monitoring error ------ an error that occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source
storage ------ maintaining encoded information in memory over time
tip-of-the-toungue phenomenon ------ temporary inability to remember something accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach
transfer-appropriate processsing ------ the situation that occurs when the inital processing of information is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measures of attention

Side A ------ Side B
Anterograde Amnesia ------ Loss of memory for events that occur after a head injury
Attention ------ Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
Chunk ------ A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
Clustering ------ Tendancy to remember similar or related items in groups
Conceptual hierarchy ------ multilevel classification system based on common properties among items
Connectionist Models ------ PDP models
Consolidation ------ hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of the information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory
Decay theory ------ the idea that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time
Declarative memory system ------ memory for factual information
Dual-coding theory ------ Paivo's theory that memory is inhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either can lead to recall
Elaboration ------ linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
Encoding ------ forming a memory code
encoding specific principal ------ the idea that the value of a retreival cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code
episodic memory system ------ chronological recollations of personal experiences
explicit memory ------ intentional recollation of previous experiences
flashbulb memory ------ unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentuous events
forgetting curve ------ graph showing retention and forgetting over time
implicit theory ------ type of memory apparent when retention is exhibited on a task that does not require intentional remembering
interference theory ------ the idea that people forget information because of competition from other material
keyword method ------ a mnemonic technique in which one associates a concrete word with an abstract word and generates an image to represent the concrete word
levels of processing theory ------ theory holding that deeper levels of mental processing result in longer lasting memory codes
link method ------ forming a mental image of items to be remembered in a way that links them together
long term memory ------ an unlimited capacity store that can hold information for lengthy periods of time
long term potentation ------ a long lasting increase in neural excitability in synapses along a specific neural pathway
method of loci ------ mnemonic device that involves taking an imainary walk along a familiar pathway where images of items to be remembered are associated with certain locations
mnemonic devices ------ strategies for inhancing memory
nondeclarative memory system ------ memory for actions
overlearning ------ continued rehearsal of material after one first appears to have mastered it
parallel distributed processing models ------ models of memory that assume cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks
proactive interference ------ a memory problem that occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
procedural memory system ------ the repository of memores for actions, skills, and operations
reality monitoring ------ the process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources or internal sources
recall ------ a memory test that requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any ques
rehearsal ------ the process of repetitively verbalizing or thining about information to be stored in memory
relearning ------ a memory test that requires a subject to memorize information a second time to determine how much time/effort is saved by having learned it before
repression ------ keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconcious
retention ------ the proportion of material retained
retereival ------ recovering information from memory stores
retrograde amnesia ------ loss of memories for events that occured prior to a head injury
retroactive interference ------ a memory problem that occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information
retrospective memory ------ the ability to remember events from the past or previously learned information
schema ------ an organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or sequence of events
script ------ a type of schema that organizes what people know about common activities
self-referent encoding ------ deciding how or whether information is personally relevent
semantic memory system ------ general  knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned
sensory memory ------ the preservation of information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second
serial-position effect ------ in memory tests, the fact that subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of the list than for items in the middle
short-term memory ------ a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20-30 seconds
source monitoring ------ the process of making attributions about the origin of memories
source monitoring error ------ an error that occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source
storage ------ maintaining encoded information in memory over time
tip-of-the-toungue phenomenon ------ temporary inability to remember something accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach
transfer-appropriate processsing ------ the situation that occurs when the inital processing of information is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measures of attention