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Side A ------ Side B
endocrine system ------ produces hormones that enter the 
bloodstream and influence body functions
target(s) ------ hormones effect targets that have specific 
receptors for that hormone
hypersecretion ------ overproduction
hyposecretion ------ underproduction
anqgonistic ------ acting in opposition; mutually opposing
electrolytes ------ mineral salts (Na, K, Ca) that carry an electrical charge
glucagon ------ hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that increase the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose
hormones ------ chemical substances that are released slowly in minute amounts into the blood stream 
insulin ------ hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that act to remove glucose from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as glycogen
sympathomimetic ------ agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
target ------ structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone  ------ (ACTH) targes the adrenal gland and promotes secretions of some hormones
Follicle-stimulating Hormone  ------ (FSH) targets ovaries to stimulate egg production; targets testes to stimulate sperm production
Growth Hormone  ------ (GH) targets bone and muscle to stimulate somatic grouth
Luteinizing Hormone ------ (LH) targets ocaries and promotes ovulation
Prolactin ------ targets breasts to promote lactation
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone ------ (TSH) targets thyroid gland and stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) ------ targets kidey and returns water to blood
Oxytocin ------ targets uterus and stimulates contractions (initiates labor)
thyroid hormone - calcitonin ------ tones down blood Ca levels, secreted when Ca levels in the blood are high
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) ------ increases energy production
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) ------ opposite of calcitonon and increases blood Ca levels; targest bone, kidneys, and small intestine
location of adrenal gland ------ sits on top of kidney
Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) ------ promotes gluconeogenesis; regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; help depress inflammatory and immune responses
Mineralocorticioids (mainly aldosterone) ------ targets kidneys to increase blood levels of Na
Epinephrine ------ hormone effects mimic sympathetic nervous system
pancreatic hormones - glucagon ------ raises blood glucose level
pancreatic hormones - insulin ------ lowers blood glucose level
pineal gland ------ in the brain and secretes the hormone melatonin (sleep and mood)
adren/o ------ adrenal glands
adrenal/o ------ adrenal glands
calc/o ------ Ca
crin/o ------ secrete
gluc/o ------ sugar, sweetness
glyc/o ------ sugar, sweetness
glycos/o ------ sugar, sweetness
home/o ------ same, alike
kal/i ------ K
pancreat/o ------ pancreas
parathyroid/o ------ parathyroid glands
thym/o ------ thymus gland
thyr/o ------ thyroid gland
thyroid/o ------ thyroid gland
toxic/o ------ poison
-crine ------ secrete
-dipsia ------ thirst
-gen ------ forming, producing, origin
-toxic ------ poison
-uria ------ urine
eu- ------ good, normal
exo- ------ outside, outward
hyper- ------ excessive, above normal
hypo- ------ under, below
poly-man ------ many, much
cretinism ------ form of hypothroidism in infants and leads to mental retardation and impaired growth
myxedema ------ developing hypothyroidism during adulthood
hyperthyroidism ------ excessive secrete of thyroxine hormones
graves disease ------ toxic goiter
exopthalmos ------ protruding eyes
Addison disease ------ deficiency of cortisol
cushing syndrome ------ excessive amounts of cortisol, caused by long term steroid use
pheochromocytoma ------ tumor that over secretes epinephrine
Type I diabetes ------ diagnosed children (juvenile diabetes); body does not produce sufficient insulin
Type 2 diabetes ------ most common and body's cells are resistant to insulin action in target tissues
gestational diabetes ------ diabetes during pregnancy
acromegaly ------ afflicts middle-aged and older persons, caused by overproduction of growth hormone (GH)
diuresis ------ increased formation and secretion of urine
glucagon ------ increase the blood glucose level
glucose ------ blood sugar
glycosuria ------ presence of glucose in urine
hypercalcemia ------ excessive amounts of Ca in the blood
hyperkalemia ------ excessive amounts of K in blood
hyponatremia ------ abnormal condition of low sodium in blood
insulinoma ------ tumor that oversecretes insulin
pheochromocytoma ------ too much adrenaline
glucose tolerance test ------ (GTT) measures body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose
radioactive iodine uptake ------ administratione of radioactive iodone (RAI)
insulins ------ (type 1) lower blood glucose by promoting entrance into body cells and coverting glucose to glycogen
oral antidiabetics ------ (type 2) stimulates pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin

Side A ------ Side B
endocrine system ------ produces hormones that enter the 
bloodstream and influence body functions
target(s) ------ hormones effect targets that have specific 
receptors for that hormone
hypersecretion ------ overproduction
hyposecretion ------ underproduction
anqgonistic ------ acting in opposition; mutually opposing
electrolytes ------ mineral salts (Na, K, Ca) that carry an electrical charge
glucagon ------ hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that increase the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose
hormones ------ chemical substances that are released slowly in minute amounts into the blood stream 
insulin ------ hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that act to remove glucose from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as glycogen
sympathomimetic ------ agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
target ------ structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone  ------ (ACTH) targes the adrenal gland and promotes secretions of some hormones
Follicle-stimulating Hormone  ------ (FSH) targets ovaries to stimulate egg production; targets testes to stimulate sperm production
Growth Hormone  ------ (GH) targets bone and muscle to stimulate somatic grouth
Luteinizing Hormone ------ (LH) targets ocaries and promotes ovulation
Prolactin ------ targets breasts to promote lactation
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone ------ (TSH) targets thyroid gland and stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) ------ targets kidey and returns water to blood
Oxytocin ------ targets uterus and stimulates contractions (initiates labor)
thyroid hormone - calcitonin ------ tones down blood Ca levels, secreted when Ca levels in the blood are high
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) ------ increases energy production
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) ------ opposite of calcitonon and increases blood Ca levels; targest bone, kidneys, and small intestine
location of adrenal gland ------ sits on top of kidney
Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) ------ promotes gluconeogenesis; regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; help depress inflammatory and immune responses
Mineralocorticioids (mainly aldosterone) ------ targets kidneys to increase blood levels of Na
Epinephrine ------ hormone effects mimic sympathetic nervous system
pancreatic hormones - glucagon ------ raises blood glucose level
pancreatic hormones - insulin ------ lowers blood glucose level
pineal gland ------ in the brain and secretes the hormone melatonin (sleep and mood)
adren/o ------ adrenal glands
adrenal/o ------ adrenal glands
calc/o ------ Ca
crin/o ------ secrete
gluc/o ------ sugar, sweetness
glyc/o ------ sugar, sweetness
glycos/o ------ sugar, sweetness
home/o ------ same, alike
kal/i ------ K
pancreat/o ------ pancreas
parathyroid/o ------ parathyroid glands
thym/o ------ thymus gland
thyr/o ------ thyroid gland
thyroid/o ------ thyroid gland
toxic/o ------ poison
-crine ------ secrete
-dipsia ------ thirst
-gen ------ forming, producing, origin
-toxic ------ poison
-uria ------ urine
eu- ------ good, normal
exo- ------ outside, outward
hyper- ------ excessive, above normal
hypo- ------ under, below
poly-man ------ many, much
cretinism ------ form of hypothroidism in infants and leads to mental retardation and impaired growth
myxedema ------ developing hypothyroidism during adulthood
hyperthyroidism ------ excessive secrete of thyroxine hormones
graves disease ------ toxic goiter
exopthalmos ------ protruding eyes
Addison disease ------ deficiency of cortisol
cushing syndrome ------ excessive amounts of cortisol, caused by long term steroid use
pheochromocytoma ------ tumor that over secretes epinephrine
Type I diabetes ------ diagnosed children (juvenile diabetes); body does not produce sufficient insulin
Type 2 diabetes ------ most common and body's cells are resistant to insulin action in target tissues
gestational diabetes ------ diabetes during pregnancy
acromegaly ------ afflicts middle-aged and older persons, caused by overproduction of growth hormone (GH)
diuresis ------ increased formation and secretion of urine
glucagon ------ increase the blood glucose level
glucose ------ blood sugar
glycosuria ------ presence of glucose in urine
hypercalcemia ------ excessive amounts of Ca in the blood
hyperkalemia ------ excessive amounts of K in blood
hyponatremia ------ abnormal condition of low sodium in blood
insulinoma ------ tumor that oversecretes insulin
pheochromocytoma ------ too much adrenaline
glucose tolerance test ------ (GTT) measures body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose
radioactive iodine uptake ------ administratione of radioactive iodone (RAI)
insulins ------ (type 1) lower blood glucose by promoting entrance into body cells and coverting glucose to glycogen
oral antidiabetics ------ (type 2) stimulates pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin