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AP Human Geography Chapter 13 Flashcards
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Side A ------ Side B urbanized area ------ a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ------ In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the city micropolitan statistical areas ------ an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city concentric zone model (Burgess) ------ a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings sector model (Hoyt) ------ a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district multiple nuclei model (Harris and Ullman) ------ a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities census tract ------ an area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods squatter settlements ------ an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade stuctures filtering ------ a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment redlining ------ a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries urban renewal ------ program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers public housing ------ housing owned by the government; in the U.S., it is rented to residents with low incomes, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes gentrification ------ a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class and owner-occupied area underclass ------ a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics annexation ------ legally adding land area to a ctiy in the United States peripheral model ------ a mdoel of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road edge cities ------ a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area density gradient ------ the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery sprawl ------ development of new housing sites at relatively low density and locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area greenbelts ------ a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area zoning ordinance ------ a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community rush hour ------ the four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic smart growth ------ legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
Side A ------ Side B urbanized area ------ a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ------ In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the city micropolitan statistical areas ------ an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city concentric zone model (Burgess) ------ a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings sector model (Hoyt) ------ a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district multiple nuclei model (Harris and Ullman) ------ a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities census tract ------ an area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods squatter settlements ------ an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade stuctures filtering ------ a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment redlining ------ a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries urban renewal ------ program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers public housing ------ housing owned by the government; in the U.S., it is rented to residents with low incomes, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes gentrification ------ a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class and owner-occupied area underclass ------ a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics annexation ------ legally adding land area to a ctiy in the United States peripheral model ------ a mdoel of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road edge cities ------ a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area density gradient ------ the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery sprawl ------ development of new housing sites at relatively low density and locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area greenbelts ------ a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area zoning ordinance ------ a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community rush hour ------ the four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic smart growth ------ legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
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