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Anatomy Lab Practical 1
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Side A ------ Side B voluntary muscle tissue ------ skeletal muscle Forms inner lining of trachea ------ pseudostratified columnar dry, dead cell material on skin surface ------ keratin space inside a hollow organ or blood vessel ------ lumen space in which chondrocytes or osteocytes reside ------ lacuna cell that produces mucus ------ goblet cell hair-like tufts that sweep material along cell surface ------ cilia forms lining of kidney tubules ------ simple cuboidal specialized connections between cardiac muscle tissues ------ intercalated discs provides sturdy support for trachea, larynx, and nose ------ hyaline cartilage Forms serous membranes ------ simple squamous light and dark banding seen in some muscle tissue ------ striations simple squamous epithelial characteristics ------ one layer thick, "fried egg" from apical view, irregular shape with nucleus hanging toward side simple squamous epithelial locations found ------ aveoli of lungs simple squamous epithelial function ------ diffusion simple cuboidal epithelial characteristics ------ one cell thick, cube-shaped cell, with aligned nuclei simple cuboidal function ------ absorption and secretion simple cuboidal found ------ kidney tubules simple columnar characteristics ------ single layer of tall, narrow cells; elongated oval shaped nuclei found in basal half of cell simple columnar functions ------ absorption simple columnar found ------ inner lining of stomach and intestines pseudostratified columnar ------ looks multilayered, some cells don't reach free surface, but all reach basal membrane. Often with goblet cells and cilia pseudostratified columnar found ------ respiratory tract pseudostratified columnar functions ------ secrete and propel mucus transitional epithelial characteristics ------ "bunny ear," nucleus toward bottom with rounded tops, relaxes and stretches as transitions from one type to another transitional epithelial functions ------ stretch to allow filling of urinary tract transitional epithelial found ------ urinary tract, bladder stratified squamous epithelial characteristics ------ multiple cell layers deep, increasingly flat and scaly toward surface; nonkeratinized same but without surface layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelial keratinized found ------ epidermis (palms and soles especially heavily keratinized) stratified squamous epithelial keratinized function ------ resists abrasion, retards water loss through skin stratified squamous epithelial nonkeratinized function ------ resist abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms stratified squamous epithelial nonkeratinized found ------ tongue, vagina stratified cuboidal epithelium characteristics ------ two or more layers of cube shaped cells stratified cuboidal epithelium found ------ egg-producing vesicles of ovaries and sperm-producing ducts of testis Areolar tissue characteristics ------ loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers, scattered cells, many blood vessels areolar tissue found ------ underlying epithelia areolar tissue function ------ loosely bind epithelia to deeper tissue, allows passage of nerves and blood vessels through other tissues reticular tissue characteristics ------ loose network of reticular fibers and cells, with leukocytes and other blood cells reticular tissue found ------ lymph nodes, spleen reticular tissue functions ------ framework for soft organs adipose tissue characteristics ------ white puffy 'cloud like' with nucleus on edges of thin margins adipose tissue function ------ energy storage, cushioning adipose tissue found ------ subcutaneous fat beneath skin dense regular connective tissue characteristics ------ densely packed wavy collagen fibers, with ground substance and some nuclei dense regular connective tissue found ------ tendons and ligaments dense regular connective tissue function ------ bind bones and muscles dense irregular connective tissue characteristics ------ densely packed collagen fibers running in random direction, few visible cells, few blood vessels dense irregular connective tissue found ------ deep portion of dermis dense irregular connective tissue function ------ durable, withstand stresses to body hyaline cartilage characteristics ------ clear, gassy matrix with 'hyena spots' and doubled nuclei clusters hyaline cartilage found ------ rings of trachea hyaline cartilage function ------ holds airway open during respiration elastic cartilage characteristics ------ hyaline cartilage with elastic fibers in weblike mesh elastic cartilage found ------ external ear elastic cartilage functions ------ flexible, elastic support fibrocartilage characteristics ------ parallel collagen fibers with rows of chondrocytes in lacunae between fibers fibrocartilage found ------ pubic symphysis fibrocartilage functions ------ absorbs shock bone characteristics ------ "tree ring" appearance with matrix and central canal; lacunae surround canal blood characteristics ------ platelets with larger WBCs mixed in blood found ------ heart and blood vessels multipolar neuron characteristics ------ 'sea monster' surrounded by smaller glial cells; dendrites and axons multipolar neuron found ------ brain and spinal cord multipolar neuron functions ------ internal communication skeletal muscle characteristics ------ striated, voluntary, long, unbranched with multiple nuclei cardiac muscle characteristics ------ striated, interwoven, single nuclei per cell and intercalated discs, involuntary smooth muscle characteristics ------ nonstriated, involuntary, overlapping cells with single nuclei elongated goblet cell ------ cell that stores and secretes mucus chondrocytes ------ cartilage cells matrix ------ extracellular material in connective tissue on the surface view from the top ------ apical at the bottom, view from below ------ basal or basement 3 things to consider when classifying tissues ------ shape, layers, and location of nuclei chondrocyte ------ cartilage cell; former chondroblast that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix predominant fibers in reticular tissue ------ reticular fiber ground substance ------ gelatinous fluid that absorbs compressive forces and protects delicate cells from injury. Found in space around cells and fibers in connective tissue fibroblast ------ large cells that are thin and wispy, produce the fibers and ground substance that form matrix of tissue
Side A ------ Side B voluntary muscle tissue ------ skeletal muscle Forms inner lining of trachea ------ pseudostratified columnar dry, dead cell material on skin surface ------ keratin space inside a hollow organ or blood vessel ------ lumen space in which chondrocytes or osteocytes reside ------ lacuna cell that produces mucus ------ goblet cell hair-like tufts that sweep material along cell surface ------ cilia forms lining of kidney tubules ------ simple cuboidal specialized connections between cardiac muscle tissues ------ intercalated discs provides sturdy support for trachea, larynx, and nose ------ hyaline cartilage Forms serous membranes ------ simple squamous light and dark banding seen in some muscle tissue ------ striations simple squamous epithelial characteristics ------ one layer thick, "fried egg" from apical view, irregular shape with nucleus hanging toward side simple squamous epithelial locations found ------ aveoli of lungs simple squamous epithelial function ------ diffusion simple cuboidal epithelial characteristics ------ one cell thick, cube-shaped cell, with aligned nuclei simple cuboidal function ------ absorption and secretion simple cuboidal found ------ kidney tubules simple columnar characteristics ------ single layer of tall, narrow cells; elongated oval shaped nuclei found in basal half of cell simple columnar functions ------ absorption simple columnar found ------ inner lining of stomach and intestines pseudostratified columnar ------ looks multilayered, some cells don't reach free surface, but all reach basal membrane. Often with goblet cells and cilia pseudostratified columnar found ------ respiratory tract pseudostratified columnar functions ------ secrete and propel mucus transitional epithelial characteristics ------ "bunny ear," nucleus toward bottom with rounded tops, relaxes and stretches as transitions from one type to another transitional epithelial functions ------ stretch to allow filling of urinary tract transitional epithelial found ------ urinary tract, bladder stratified squamous epithelial characteristics ------ multiple cell layers deep, increasingly flat and scaly toward surface; nonkeratinized same but without surface layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelial keratinized found ------ epidermis (palms and soles especially heavily keratinized) stratified squamous epithelial keratinized function ------ resists abrasion, retards water loss through skin stratified squamous epithelial nonkeratinized function ------ resist abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms stratified squamous epithelial nonkeratinized found ------ tongue, vagina stratified cuboidal epithelium characteristics ------ two or more layers of cube shaped cells stratified cuboidal epithelium found ------ egg-producing vesicles of ovaries and sperm-producing ducts of testis Areolar tissue characteristics ------ loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers, scattered cells, many blood vessels areolar tissue found ------ underlying epithelia areolar tissue function ------ loosely bind epithelia to deeper tissue, allows passage of nerves and blood vessels through other tissues reticular tissue characteristics ------ loose network of reticular fibers and cells, with leukocytes and other blood cells reticular tissue found ------ lymph nodes, spleen reticular tissue functions ------ framework for soft organs adipose tissue characteristics ------ white puffy 'cloud like' with nucleus on edges of thin margins adipose tissue function ------ energy storage, cushioning adipose tissue found ------ subcutaneous fat beneath skin dense regular connective tissue characteristics ------ densely packed wavy collagen fibers, with ground substance and some nuclei dense regular connective tissue found ------ tendons and ligaments dense regular connective tissue function ------ bind bones and muscles dense irregular connective tissue characteristics ------ densely packed collagen fibers running in random direction, few visible cells, few blood vessels dense irregular connective tissue found ------ deep portion of dermis dense irregular connective tissue function ------ durable, withstand stresses to body hyaline cartilage characteristics ------ clear, gassy matrix with 'hyena spots' and doubled nuclei clusters hyaline cartilage found ------ rings of trachea hyaline cartilage function ------ holds airway open during respiration elastic cartilage characteristics ------ hyaline cartilage with elastic fibers in weblike mesh elastic cartilage found ------ external ear elastic cartilage functions ------ flexible, elastic support fibrocartilage characteristics ------ parallel collagen fibers with rows of chondrocytes in lacunae between fibers fibrocartilage found ------ pubic symphysis fibrocartilage functions ------ absorbs shock bone characteristics ------ "tree ring" appearance with matrix and central canal; lacunae surround canal blood characteristics ------ platelets with larger WBCs mixed in blood found ------ heart and blood vessels multipolar neuron characteristics ------ 'sea monster' surrounded by smaller glial cells; dendrites and axons multipolar neuron found ------ brain and spinal cord multipolar neuron functions ------ internal communication skeletal muscle characteristics ------ striated, voluntary, long, unbranched with multiple nuclei cardiac muscle characteristics ------ striated, interwoven, single nuclei per cell and intercalated discs, involuntary smooth muscle characteristics ------ nonstriated, involuntary, overlapping cells with single nuclei elongated goblet cell ------ cell that stores and secretes mucus chondrocytes ------ cartilage cells matrix ------ extracellular material in connective tissue on the surface view from the top ------ apical at the bottom, view from below ------ basal or basement 3 things to consider when classifying tissues ------ shape, layers, and location of nuclei chondrocyte ------ cartilage cell; former chondroblast that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix predominant fibers in reticular tissue ------ reticular fiber ground substance ------ gelatinous fluid that absorbs compressive forces and protects delicate cells from injury. Found in space around cells and fibers in connective tissue fibroblast ------ large cells that are thin and wispy, produce the fibers and ground substance that form matrix of tissue
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