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Intro To Sociology Quiz #1
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Side A ------ Side B the sociological perspective ------ stresses the social contexts in which people live and how it influences their lives... Functionalist Conflict Symbolic Interactionist society ------ a group of people who share a culture and a territory social location ------ corners in life that people occupy because of where they are located in society Functionalist ------ interested in how society functions thinks of society as a human body and how everything works together (Macro-study) Conflict Theorist ------ inequality of any kind is a problem. people are in competition for scarce resources (Macro-study) Symbolic Interactionist ------ interested in social norms. society is nothing more than the sum of interactions (Micro-study) positivism ------ idea of applying scientific method to the social world. proposed by Auguste Comte Auguste Comte ------ proposed positivism. also asked "What creates social order instead of chaos?" Herbert Spencer ------ believed that societies evolved from lower (barbaric) to higher (civilized) forms 'Survival of the Fittest' Karl Marx ------ believed engine of human history is class conflict between bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes Emile Durkheim ------ goal was to get sociology recognized as a separate discipline. believed in social integration social integration ------ the degree to which people are tied to their social group Max Weber ------ believed/theorized that religion is central force in social change rapport ------ a feeling of trust that is essential for honest answers in interviews. random sample ------ a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study reliability ------ the extent to which research produces reliable (consistent or dependable) results cultural lag ------ Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. Belief that a group's material culture usually changes first, with the nonmaterial cuture lagging behind cultural leveling ------ the process by which cultures become similar to one another; especially the process by which U.S. culture is being exported and diffused into other nations technology ------ tools and the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools cultural diffusion ------ groups of people learning from others and adapting some part of the other's way of life. pluralistic society ------ a society that is made up of many different groups value contradiction ------ values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other subculture ------ the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world counterculture ------ a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture culture shock ------ the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life cultural relativism ------ not judging a culture, but trying to understand it on its own terms sanction ------ expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms folkways ------ norms that are not strictly enforced mores ------ norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential to core values or the well-being of the group taboo ------ a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ------ Edward Sapir's and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving. Against common sense that objects force themselves on our conciousness, but that language does. ethnocentrism ------ a tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as the yardstick for judging others material culture ------ the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry nonmaterial culture ------ also called symbolic culture a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction) total institution ------ a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place agents of socialization ------ people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life life course ------ the stages of our life as we move from birth to death resocialization ------ the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors Piaget and the Development of Reasoning ------ 1. The sensorimotor stage 2. the preoperational stage 3. the concrete operational stage 4. the formal operational stage ideal culture ------ refers to values, norms, and goals that a group considers ideal, worth aspiring to real culture ------ norms and values that people actually follow
Side A ------ Side B the sociological perspective ------ stresses the social contexts in which people live and how it influences their lives... Functionalist Conflict Symbolic Interactionist society ------ a group of people who share a culture and a territory social location ------ corners in life that people occupy because of where they are located in society Functionalist ------ interested in how society functions thinks of society as a human body and how everything works together (Macro-study) Conflict Theorist ------ inequality of any kind is a problem. people are in competition for scarce resources (Macro-study) Symbolic Interactionist ------ interested in social norms. society is nothing more than the sum of interactions (Micro-study) positivism ------ idea of applying scientific method to the social world. proposed by Auguste Comte Auguste Comte ------ proposed positivism. also asked "What creates social order instead of chaos?" Herbert Spencer ------ believed that societies evolved from lower (barbaric) to higher (civilized) forms 'Survival of the Fittest' Karl Marx ------ believed engine of human history is class conflict between bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes Emile Durkheim ------ goal was to get sociology recognized as a separate discipline. believed in social integration social integration ------ the degree to which people are tied to their social group Max Weber ------ believed/theorized that religion is central force in social change rapport ------ a feeling of trust that is essential for honest answers in interviews. random sample ------ a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study reliability ------ the extent to which research produces reliable (consistent or dependable) results cultural lag ------ Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. Belief that a group's material culture usually changes first, with the nonmaterial cuture lagging behind cultural leveling ------ the process by which cultures become similar to one another; especially the process by which U.S. culture is being exported and diffused into other nations technology ------ tools and the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools cultural diffusion ------ groups of people learning from others and adapting some part of the other's way of life. pluralistic society ------ a society that is made up of many different groups value contradiction ------ values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other subculture ------ the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world counterculture ------ a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture culture shock ------ the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life cultural relativism ------ not judging a culture, but trying to understand it on its own terms sanction ------ expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms folkways ------ norms that are not strictly enforced mores ------ norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential to core values or the well-being of the group taboo ------ a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ------ Edward Sapir's and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving. Against common sense that objects force themselves on our conciousness, but that language does. ethnocentrism ------ a tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as the yardstick for judging others material culture ------ the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry nonmaterial culture ------ also called symbolic culture a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction) total institution ------ a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place agents of socialization ------ people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life life course ------ the stages of our life as we move from birth to death resocialization ------ the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors Piaget and the Development of Reasoning ------ 1. The sensorimotor stage 2. the preoperational stage 3. the concrete operational stage 4. the formal operational stage ideal culture ------ refers to values, norms, and goals that a group considers ideal, worth aspiring to real culture ------ norms and values that people actually follow
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