Choose The Correct Option From Following Reconstruction Era Of U.S Flashcards

Opposition to Reconstruction

A) was based mainly on the unwillingness of white southerners to accept black civil rights.

B) led to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.

C) prompted the new southern governments to look to the federal government for help and protection.

D) did not originally cause the Liberal Republican opposition to Ulysses Grant.

E) All of the above

Who, when in power, established the South’s first state-supported public schools?

A) Southern Republicans

B) Southern Democrats

C) Northern Republicans

D) The Union military

E) None of the above; the South did not have state-supported public schools.

The Prostrate State depicts

A) an ailing slave who is unable to live long enough to see emancipation.

B) South Carolina under so-called corrupt negro rule of Reconstruction.

C) an economically weak South unable to contribute to the national economy.

D) a terrorized black community during the reign of the Ku Klux Klan.

E) an apathetic Congress that has given up on Reconstruction after 1870.

Liberal Republicans believed that

A) power in the South should be returned to the region’s “natural leaders.”

B) it was the responsibility of the federal government to continue assisting blacks.

C) President Grant was a brilliant politician.

D) Thaddeus Stevens would be their best presidential hope in 1876.

E) Congress had to stay committed to the Reconstruction cause.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

A) was the work of Charles Sumner, the radical senator from Massachusetts.

B) defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

C) provided African-Americans with the right to vote.

D) provided for civil rights, not equal rights.

E) won the support of President Andrew Johnson.

During Reconstruction, southern cities

A) enjoyed new-found prosperity as merchants traded increasingly with the North.

B) were as poverty stricken as rural southern areas.

C) benefited from the building of a transcontinental railroad from Washington, D.C., to Los Angeles.

D) benefited as rice and tobacco production markedly grew.

E) None of the above

Black Codes

A) allowed for the arrest on vagrancy charges of anyone who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.

B) simply reenacted slavery.

C) granted African-Americans the right to testify against whites, but provided them with no other substantive civil rights.

D) were a form of language that freed slaves used to communicate, just as they had during slavery.

E) pleased northerners because they saw that the rule of law was returning to the South.

Andrew Johnson

A) simply continued Lincoln’s Reconstruction policies.

B) lacked Lincoln’s political skills and ability to read and influence public opinion.

C) agreed with Lincoln that African-Americans did not play a role in Reconstruction.

D) was equally as racist as Lincoln.

E) displayed a great ability to compromise, very much like Lincoln.

Where did investment opportunities lure more northern investors than in the South, causing economic development to remain weak in that region?

A) The west

B) Mexico

C) Canada

D) Chicago

E) Asia

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

A) was the work of Charles Sumner, the radical senator from Massachusetts.

B) defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

C) provided African-Americans with the right to vote.

D) provided for civil rights, not equal rights.

E) won the support of President Andrew Johnson.

1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair, Jr., had a campaign motto of

A) Liberty, Freedom, and the Southern Way.

B) Forgive and Heal. White and Black Men Coming Together.

C) Redeem the South. White Forever and Ever.

D) This is a White Man’s Country. Let White Men Rule.

E) I’ve “Seen More” then I’ve Wanted in War. Let’s Reconstruct.

For the former slaves, political freedom meant

A) Frederick Douglass’s election to office.

B) having the right to vote.

C) amending the Constitution to eliminate the three-fifths clause.

D) electing African-Americans to local office, not to national office.

E) the right to demonstrate but not necessarily to vote.

Where did investment opportunities lure more northern investors than in the South, causing economic development to remain weak in that region?

A) The west

B) Mexico

C) Canada

D) Chicago

E) Asia

The passage of the Fifteenth Amendment

A) split the feminist movement into two major organizations.

B) was bitterly opposed by the Democratic Party.

C) marked the end of the American Anti-Slavery Society, as its work was now complete.

D) left many loop holes for the South to disfranchise blacks.

E) All of the above

The crop-lien system

A) applied only to African-American farmers.

B) kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

C) became better as farm prices increased in the 1870s.

D) enabled yeoman farmers to continue to function under the same system as before the Civil War.

E) was very annoying to bankers and merchants who resented how it made them dependent on farmers.

Liberal Republicans believed that

A) power in the South should be returned to the region’s “natural leaders.”

B) it was the responsibility of the federal government to continue assisting blacks.

C) President Grant was a brilliant politician.

D) Thaddeus Stevens would be their best presidential hope in 1876.

E) Congress had to stay committed to the Reconstruction cause.

Which of the following is false about Andrew Johnson?

A) He was born in poverty and worked as a tailor’s apprentice.

B) He used his economic success as a tailor to become a successful politician.

C) He was the only senator from a seceded state to refuse to leave the Union.

D) He was on the ticket in 1864 because Lincoln’s party hoped to increase its southern support.

E) He detested the planter class.

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was based on

A) 10 percent of the 1860 electorate taking an oath of allegiance to the Union.

B) confiscating southern land and redistributing it to the ex-slaves under the slogan “40 acres and a mule.”

C) a military occupation of the South until the southern states wrote new constitutions guaranteeing black suffrage.

D) ratifying the Fourteenth Amendment.

E) presidential pardons for the former Confederate leadership so that they might regain office in Congress.

Andrew Johnson vetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act because

A) he believed that the protection of civil rights was a federal responsibility, not the states’.

B) it did not include suffrage for blacks, something he thought was needed.

C) he did not believe that blacks deserved the rights of citizenship.

D) he was angry at Congress and refused to pass any of their legislation.

E) None of the above

“Waving the bloody shirt” referred to

A) a powerful symbol of Ku Klux Klan violence against African-Americans.

B) a Democratic campaign prop that reminded voters that Republicans had been responsible for the Civil War.

C) Republicans associating Democrats with secession and treason.

D) a sign of surrender that southern whites used to signify their loss of power.

E) Andrew Johnson using Abraham Lincoln’s death for political purposes.

Thaddeus Stevens

A) had been an outspoken opponent of slavery before the Civil War.

B) called for arming African-Americans and granting them suffrage during the war.

C) wanted to confiscate land from disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and northern migrants to the South.

D) represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives.

E) All of the above

Southern Republicans

A) included no former Confederates.

B) established the South’s first state-supported schools.

C) redistributed all of the old plantation lands to former slaves and poor whites.

D) looked to the federal government to assure equal rights and an end to discrimination.

E) ran the most corrupt governments in southern history.

1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair, Jr., had a campaign motto of

A) Liberty, Freedom, and the Southern Way.

B) Forgive and Heal. White and Black Men Coming Together.

C) Redeem the South. White Forever and Ever.

D) This is a White Man’s Country. Let White Men Rule.

E) I’ve “Seen More” then I’ve Wanted in War. Let’s Reconstruct.

The Fourteenth Amendment

A) abolished slavery.

B) guaranteed that suffrage could not be denied on account of race.

C) severely punished the ex-Confederates.

D) established the Freedmen’s Bureau.

E) declared that anyone born or naturalized in the United States was a citizen

How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?

A) Men and women maintained equality within the household, making black families far more matrilineal than white families.

B) Men often remained at home while women went out and labored—a major shift from their roles while in slavery.

C) Women adopted the domestic roles that white women long had had, but retained their duties in the fields and in the workplace.

D) It became more like that of the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers.

E) None of the above

Which constitutional amendment gave all men the right to vote regardless of their race or previous condition of servitude?

A) The Twelfth Amendment

B) The Thirteenth Amendment

C) The Fourteenth Amendment

D) The Fifteenth Amendment

E) The Sixteenth Amendment

To African-Americans, freedom meant

A) the right to travel where they wanted without a pass.

B) owning a dog or buying liquor.

C) holding mass meetings without any supervision.

D) moving from the plantations to towns and cities.

E) All of the above

The Special Field Order 15 issued by General Sherman

A) gave freed slaves the right to find their family members who had been sold away.

B) set aside the Sea Islands and 40-acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.

C) gave 40 acres and a mule to blacks who wished to move to the unsettled American Southwest.

D) gave his army instructions to burn their way through the South to the coast.

E) established the Freedmen’s Bureau to help blacks make the transition from slavery to freedom.

Which of the following is false about Andrew Johnson?

A) He was born in poverty and worked as a tailor’s apprentice.

B) He used his economic success as a tailor to become a successful politician.

C) He was the only senator from a seceded state to refuse to leave the Union.

D) He was on the ticket in 1864 because Lincoln’s party hoped to increase its southern support.

E) He detested the planter class.

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis

A) highlighted the benefits of the second industrial revolution.

B) discussed the lives of wealthy Americans.

C) focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.

D) provided a fictional account of life in 1890.

E) wrote about captains of industry.

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was

A) a more stable economy.

B) frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

C) higher prices.

D) a more equitable distribution of wealth.

E) the introduction of socialism.

The Plains Indians

A) were completely responsible for the near extinction of the buffalo.

B) had lived in peace until the Civil War.

C) encouraged the influx of white settlers.

D) included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.

E) were treated fairly by the federal government.

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

A) To prepare them for reservation life

B) To train them in the professional skills to return to the reservations as doctors and teachers

C) To convert them to Christianity so that they would become missionaries on the reservations

D) Simply to civilize the Indians, making them “American” as whites defined the term

E) All of the above

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was

A) dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.

B) insignificant.

C) concentrated in the cities.

D) beneficial to Indians.

E) significant only for native-born whites.

The era from 1870 to 1890 was known as the

A) New Republic.

B) Gilded Age.

C) Progressive era.

D) Age of Discovery.

E) New Deal.

The _____ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

A) oil industry

B) railroads

C) iron industry

D) textiles

E) cotton gin

For workers, the second industrial revolution meant

A) frequent periods of mass unemployment.

B) higher wages than those earned by European industrial workers.

C) dangerous work conditions.

D) an increase of women working in industry.

E) All of the above

What was the merit system for federal employees called?

A) The spoils system

B) The Civil Service Act

C) The fair standards policy

D) The Equal Opportunity Act

E) The Hepburn Act

Which statement about labor and the law is false?

A) The courts viewed state regulation of business as an insult to free labor.

B) Lochner v. New York voided a state law that established maximum working hours for bakers citing that it infringed on individual freedom.

C) The courts generally sided with business enterprises that complained of a loss of economic freedom.

D) Workers generally welcomed the Court’s decisions on industry.

E) Liberals thought that the workers’ demands that the government help them was an example of how the misuse of political power posed a threat to liberty.

Who ran for mayor of New York in 1886 on a Labor ticket?

A) Edward Bellamy

B) Horace Greeley

C) Henry George

D) George Plunkitt

E) Walter Rauschenbusch

Who did not deal, in some literary way, with the subject of America’s poor?

A) Jacob Riis

B) Mathew Smith

C) Henry George

D) Edward Bellamy

E) Charles Darwin

Republican economic policies strongly favored

A) midwestern farmers.

B) southern sharecroppers.

C) national consumers.

D) eastern industrialists and bankers.

E) western silver mine owners.

Which statement about Chief Joseph’s appeal to an audience in Washington, D.C., in 1879 is false?

A) He did not wish to speak to the audience, but had been coerced to do so by President Hayes.

B) He asked the white man for more than just talk, as he saw talk as simply broken promises.

C) He believed that the Indians and white man could live in peace, without trouble between them.

D) He asked the policymakers of Washington to extend the same laws to the Indians as to the white man.

E) He attempted to convince his audience that their belief that Indians were like wild animals was false.

The Civil Service Act of 1883

A) created a merit system for government workers.

B) favored candidates with political influence.

C) was passed in response to the assassination of President Lincoln.

D) applied only to women.

E) applied only to elected officeholders.

Henry George

A) supported a multitax system.

B) favored big business.

C) advocated the single-tax plan.

D) supported big government.

E) argued in favor of monopolies.

The economic development of the American West was based on

A) primarily farming.

B) tourism, lumber, and mining industries, as well as farming.

C) the continued reliance on self-sufficient farming.

D) transportation modes other than the railroad.

E) the cooperation of the Plains Indians.

Who led the Nez Percé Indians on a 1,700-mile trek from their homes in Oregon and Idaho through the Far West in an unsuccessful effort to escape to Canada?

A) Sitting Bull

B) Geronimo

C) Carlos Montezuma

D) Chief Joseph

E) Crazy Horse

The Dawes Act of 1887

A) empowered Indians.

B) assured Indian autonomy.

C) sought to break up the tribal system.

D) was a great success.

E) hurt white interests in the West.

The second industrial revolution was marked by

A) a return to handmade goods.

B) a more equalized distribution of wealth.

C) the rapid expansion of industry across the South.

D) the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

E) a decline in the growth of cities.

The _____ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

A) oil industry

B) railroads

C) iron industry

D) textiles

E) cotton gin

How is Standard Oil depicted in the magazine Puck, illustrating the company as a dangerous monopoly?

A) A vulture

B) An octopus

C) A shark

D) A caterpillar

E) A snake

The Social Gospel

A) was another term for Social Darwinism.

B) was financed by corporate donations.

C) was part of the Catholic Church.

D) called for an equalization of wealth and power.

E) did not support aid to the poor.

What did hunters shoot while riding the railroads across the West?

A) Horses

B) Deer

C) Antelope

D) Indians

E) Buffalo

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

A) To prepare them for reservation life

B) To train them in the professional skills to return to the reservations as doctors and teachers

C) To convert them to Christianity so that they would become missionaries on the reservations

D) Simply to civilize the Indians, making them “American” as whites defined the term

E) All of the above

The theory of Social Darwinism argued that

A) public assistance should be available for the poor.

B) giant corporations were inherently evil.

C) the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor.

D) the poor were in no way responsible for their poverty.

E) excessive personal wealth was a sign of weakness.

Henry George offered a solution of a _____ for the problem of inequality in America.

A) Low-income housing program

B) Single tax

C) Immigration restriction law

D) Communist platform

E) Forced Americanization program

Who ran for mayor of New York in 1886 on a Labor ticket?

A) Edward Bellamy

B) Horace Greeley

C) Henry George

D) George Plunkitt

E) Walter Rauschenbusch

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

A) had little impact in America.

B) was a victory for labor.

C) saw little violence.

D) was confined only to New England.

E) was evidence of worker solidarity and the close ties between industry and the Republican Party.

Republican economic policies strongly favored

A) midwestern farmers.

B) southern sharecroppers.

C) national consumers.

D) eastern industrialists and bankers.

E) western silver mine owners.

Nearly _____ million women worked for wages in 1900.

A) 1

B) 3

C) 5

D) 7

E) 10

The difference between old and new immigrants was

A) their reasons for migrating to the United States.

B) that the native language for the new immigrants was typically English.

C) that the new immigrants were from southern and eastern Europe.

D) that old immigrants only came before the Civil War.

E) the median age of the immigrants.

Founded in 1886, the American Federation of Labor

A) was led by Terence Powderly.

B) restricted membership to only skilled workers.

C) was structured much like the Knights of Labor.

D) restricted membership to only unskilled workers.

E) successfully organized immigrant workers.

The Supreme Court cases that held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War were called the

A) province cases.

B) insular cases.

C) territory cases.

D) island cases.

E) imperialism cases.

For what did Saum Song Bo, a Chinese-American writer, receive a solicitation letter for funds?

A) The building of the San Francisco bridge

B) A celebration of the completion of the transcontinental railroad

C) The opening of the first Chinese-American public school in California

D) The political campaigns for the Working Man’s Party

E) The Pedestal Fund of the Statute of Liberty

Which statement about the South after 1890 is false?

A) Whites feared that the Southern Democrats would abolish the Jim Crow laws.

B) Populists in some states openly courted black votes.

C) Poll taxes and literacy tests were means used to disfranchise blacks.

D) Segregation policies were upheld by court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson.

E) All of the above

Beginning in the 1890s the women’s era was so called because

A) women could vote.

B) few women had to work outside the home.

C) women’s economic opportunities increased as did their role in public life.

D) growing numbers of women held political office.

E) most men supported equal rights for women.

The Populist platform

A) called for the end of all government.

B) supported the interests of big business.

C) called for government control of business.

D) appealed only to workers.

E) appealed only to farmers.

How did the Civil War come to be remembered by the 1890s as the white North and South moved toward reconciliation?

A) As a tragic family quarrel among white Americans in which blacks played no significant part

B) As a significant turning point in American economic history, as wage labor won out over slave labor

C) As a bitter struggle between brothers, who blamed the black man for tearing them apart

D) A struggle between federal and state rights that redefined the laws of the founding fathers

E) The climax of the story of slavery that began when the Constitution was signed and was destined to be settled through war

The new immigrants

A) were seen as no different from the old immigrants.

B) received a warm welcome in America.

C) came from southern and eastern Europe.

D) were few in number.

E) came mostly from Great Britain.

William McKinley

A) was a stage actor of some renown.

B) ran for president in 1896 on the free silver platform.

C) argued in favor of the gold standard.

D) lost to Bryan in 1896.

E) was especially popular in the South.

How did Samuel Gompers use the idea of freedom of contract?

A) As an argument against interference by judges with workers’ right to organize unions

B) To argue for the right of workers to sabotage equipment when mistreated by bosses

C) To argue for fair contracts between labor and their employers

D) As a means to justify why the AFL excluded women and blacks from its ranks

E) To explain the relationship between union members and their president, arguing that the members had a right to replace their president when he abused his powers

Which of the following stated that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories recently acquired by the United States?

A) Teller Amendment

B) Insular cases

C) Platt Amendment

D) Foraker Act

E) Exclusion Act

The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

A) was a small organization of radical feminists.

B) was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

C) argued that politics was the place for women.

D) was a single issue organization out to ban alcohol.

E) All of the above

During the 1896 presidential campaign, Republicans argued that utilizing silver, as the Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan advocated, would

A) close the western silver mines.

B) be bad for American businesses and consumers, causing another recession.

C) place the United States at risk for war with Cuba or Spain.

D) Reduce the United States to the status of poor countries that also used silver such as Japan, China, and Mexico.

E) All of the above

The anti-imperialist Reverend Charles G. Ames warned that acquiring an overseas empire

A) threatened to undermine democracy at home.

B) would require force, as the Spanish had done.

C) required that the United States become a permanent military nation.

D) likely would change the temperament of the American people into one of arrogance and defiance toward other nations.

E) All of the above

Booker T. Washington

A) called for political independence, activism, and higher education.

B) was an astute leader who appealed to whites with a policy of accommodation.

C) was the first slide trombonist and brought his jazz music up north to Chicago.

D) was born in Massachusetts and received his Ph.D. from Harvard.

E) was arrested for not giving up his seat on a Louisiana passenger rail car.

Who was the 1892 presidential candidate for the Populist Party?

A) Eugene Debs

B) James Weaver

C) Jacob Coxey

D) William Jennings Bryan

E) Theodore Roosevelt

Which statement is not true about the Women’s Christian Temperance Union?

A) Frances Willard was the group’s president at one time.

B) It grew to be the era’s largest female organization.

C) Its banner was home protection.

D) The group stayed focused on banning alcohol, never enlarging its platform.

E) The group believed that men squandered their wages on drinks and abused their wives when drunk.

The Populist platform

A) called for the end of all government.

B) supported the interests of big business.

C) called for government control of business.

D) appealed only to workers.

E) appealed only to farmers.

Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal which sensationalized events to sell papers were called

A) yellow journalists.

B) trustees.

C) social reformers.

D) muckrakers.

E) freelancers.

The Spanish-American War

A) lasted several years.

B) was a victory for Spain.

C) brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control.

D) resulted in thousands of U.S. combat deaths.

E) ended American expansionism.

Which statement is not true about the Women’s Christian Temperance Union?

A) Frances Willard was the group’s president at one time.

B) It grew to be the era’s largest female organization.

C) Its banner was home protection.

D) The group stayed focused on banning alcohol, never enlarging its platform.

E) The group believed that men squandered their wages on drinks and abused their wives when drunk.

William McKinley justified annexation of the Philippines as the United States

A) needed to bring the Filipinos civilization.

B) needed the islands for business and trade.

C) felt the Filipinos were not ready for self-government.

D) needed to Christianize the Filipinos.

E) All of the above

Twenty years after the end of Reconstruction, African-Americans in the South

A) were much better off financially.

B) had increased their role in local politics.

C) had entered the middle class in significant numbers.

D) suffered the most from the region’s poor conditions.

E) had the same rights as whites. D) suffered the most from the region’s poor conditions.

By the end of the nineteenth century, African-American politicians in the South

A) were limited to holding local offices.

B) passed leadership to African-American women activists such as those in the National Association of Colored Women.

C) continued to hold elective office with no restrictions.

D) joined the Democratic Party.

E) supported the redrawing of congressional district lines.

The Teller Amendment stated that

A) the United States would annex the Philippines.

B) Cuba was to be a protectorate of the United States.

C) the United States would not annex Cuba.

D) Puerto Rico was to become a territory of the United States.

E) All of the above

The Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A) was founded in 1874 and became the era’s largest female organization.

B) demanded the prohibition of alcohol.

C) argued that alcohol consumption caused poverty and spousal abuse.

D) was led by Frances Willard, who urged women to become more politically active.

E) All of the above

The 1894 Pullman Strike

A) involved little violence.

B) was a victory for labor.

C) had no impact on rail service.

D) collapsed when union leaders were jailed.

E) was supported by President Cleveland.

What was used by southern whites to maintain domination over blacks?

A) Racial segregation

B) Disenfranchisement

C) Unequal economic status

D) Inferior education

E) All of the above

As a Progressive president, Woodrow Wilson

A) raised tariffs immediately.

B) aggressively engaged in trust-busting.

C) always advocated for the interests of labor.

D) created no new government agencies.

E) signed into law the Keating-Owen Act.

During the Progressive era

A) cities declined in importance.

B) social reformers concentrated their efforts on rural areas.

C) cities attracted only the wealthy.

D) urban development highlighted the social inequalities.

E) cities competed with rural areas for government projects.

Fordism is

A) the practice of paying your workers more than the average national wage.

B) a manufacturing system that uses a moving assembly line.

C) the practice of discriminating against unionization.

D) an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption.

E) a grassroots political movement which fights against special interests.

Which institution became a pillar of stability for the immigrants as they settled into the communities in American cities?

A) School

B) Hospital

C) Church

D) Benevolent society

E) Salvation Army

The term “Fordism”

A) refers to Henry Ford’s invention of the automobile.

B) was used by labor unions, who hailed Ford’s innovative approach.

C) describes an economic system based on limited production of high-end goods.

D) refers to Henry Ford’s effort to organize workers into a union.

E) describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption.

Which president helped on behalf of the striking coal miners to negotiate a favorable settlement with the mine owners?

A) William McKinley

B) Theodore Roosevelt

C) William Howard Taft

D) Woodrow Wilson

E) None of the above

Who pioneered the birth control clinic in the United States?

A) Emma Goldman

B) Margaret Sanger

C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton

D) Jane Addams

E) Charlotte Perkins Gilman

The Ludlow Massacre was a tragic confrontation between

A) Plains Indians and the U.S. Army.

B) North Carolina textile workers and the police.

C) the IWW and the Massachusetts police.

D) New Orleans dockworkers and militia.

E) Colorado nine workers and militia.

During the Progressive era

A) growing numbers of native-born white women worked as domestics.

B) most African-American women worked in factories.

C) most eastern European immigrant women worked as telephone operators.

D) growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices.

E) the number of married women working declined.

By 1900, there were over _____ settlement houses established in cities throughout the country.

A) 100

B) 200

C) 400

D) 700

E) 1,000

Which was the Ellis Island of the West?

A) San Diego

B) Angel Island

C) Alcatraz

D) San Francisco

E) Liberty Island

Robert La Follette’s Wisconsin Idea

A) utilized primary elections to select candidates.

B) taxed corporate wealth.

C) regulated railroads and utilities.

D) drew on nonpartisan university faculty.

E) All of the above

The program that sought to streamline production and boost profits by systematically controlling costs and work practices was called

A) Fordism.

B) vertical integration.

C) free-market practices.

D) scientific management.

E) laissez-faire.

Muckrakers

A) were a baseball team in the National League.

B) supported the theories of Social Darwinism.

C) were applauded by Theodore Roosevelt.

D) included no women.

E) exposed the underside of American life.

The term “Fordism”

A) refers to Henry Ford’s invention of the automobile.

B) was used by labor unions, who hailed Ford’s innovative approach.

C) describes an economic system based on limited production of high-end goods.

D) refers to Henry Ford’s effort to organize workers into a union.

E) describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption.

The painters who were part of the Ashcan School focused their art on

A) still life.

B) the abstract.

C) war.

D) city life.

E) nudes.

Settlement houses

A) provided an alternative to marriage for the new woman.

B) built kindergartens for immigrant children.

C) were located in poor neighborhoods.

D) established employment bureaus and health clinics.

E) All of the above

Maternalist reform

A) opposed women’s suffrage.

B) led to generous mother’s pensions for all women.

C) sought to redefine the role of mothers.

D) was directed only at black women.

E) was supported by both feminists and more traditional women.

The 1912 strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts,

A) started when workers demanded shorter hours.

B) is also known as the Bread and Roses strike.

C) is also known as the Uprising of the 20,000.

D) received little public attention.

E) was unique in that it involved only children.

Eugene Debs was

A) a railroad tycoon.

B) a Social Darwinist.

C) an immigrant.

D) a Socialist candidate for president.

E) elected vice president in 1912.

The Sixteenth Amendment

A) called for the direct election of senators.

B) authorized Congress to implement a graduated income tax.

C) granted women the right to vote.

D) prohibited the use and sale of alcohol.

E) instituted the initiative, referendum, and recall.

Electoral reform during the Progressive era

A) expanded the electorate significantly.

B) had little impact, especially in the cities.

C) enfranchised African-Americans.

D) actually limited many Americans’ right to vote.

E) did away with all residency requirements for voting.

Asian and Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century

A) clustered in the South as agricultural workers.

B) clustered in the West as agricultural workers.

C) were much more welcome than European immigrants.

D) were prohibited from entering the United States.

E) outnumbered southern and eastern European immigrants.

What Progressive era issue became a crossroads where the paths of labor radicals, cultural modernists, and feminists intersected?

A) Trust-busting

B) The initiative and referendum

C) Women’s suffrage

D) Unionism

E) Birth control

By 1900, there were over _____ settlement houses established in cities throughout the country.

A) 100

B) 200

C) 400

D) 700

E) 1,000

Jane Addams

A) was a birth-control advocate.

B) believed in Social Darwinism.

C) founded Hull House in 1889.

D) was an economist.

E) supported anti-immigrant legislation.

The Progressive movement drew its strength from

A) big business.

B) farmers.

C) middle-class reformers.

D) military leaders.

E) socialists.

Birds of passage were

A) immigrants who planned on returning to their homeland.

B) single women who worked until they got married.

C) strike breakers who were sent in by factory owners.

D) stowaways on passenger ships attempting to immigrate to America.

E) immigrants who visited settlement houses for temporary help.

Which statement about the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 is false?

A) The strike demonstrated that workers sought the opportunity to enjoy the finer things in life.

B) The strike was in response to a reduction in weekly wages.

C) The strikers asked the American Federation of Labor for assistance.

D) Children of the striking workers publicly marched up New York’s Fifth Avenue.

E) The strike was settled on the workers’ terms.

Eugene Debs was

A) a railroad tycoon.

B) a Social Darwinist.

C) an immigrant.

D) a Socialist candidate for president.

E) elected vice president in 1912.