A major function of urinary system is excretion of: |
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wastes (organic). |
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Urinary system regulates plasma concentrations of: |
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important ions. |
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Urinary system regulates blood volume and thus: |
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blood pressure. |
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Regulates blood volume by adjusting the volume of H2O in the urine using: |
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ADH and Aldosterone. |
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Regulates blood volume by releasing ______ to increase RBC production. |
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EPO |
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Renin-Angiotensin I-Angiotensin II-__________. |
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Aldosterone |
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If the blood is too acidic, kidneys release ______ in urine. |
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H+ |
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If the blood is to alkaline, kidneys release ______in urine. |
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HCO3- |
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Activation of vitamin D occurs under the regulation of: |
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PTH. |
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The kidneys assist the liver in: |
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detoxifying toxins. |
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Covers the entire surface of the kidney. |
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Renal Capsule |
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Surrounds the renal capsule. |
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Adipose Capsule |
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Anchors the kidneys to the abdominal wall. |
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Renal Fascia |
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Urine is made in the: |
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nephron. |
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Filtration occurs in the: |
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renal corpuscle. |
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Reabsorption occurs in the: |
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PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT and collecting duct. |
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Secretion occurs in the: |
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DCT and other areas. |
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Filtering in the kidneys is done on the basis of: |
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size. |
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Important nutrients like ____, ______ and _____ are reabsorbed back into the blood. |
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amino acids, glucose and vitamins |
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Almost all of the H2O in the nephron will be: |
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reabsorbed. |
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Capillary network across which filtration occurs. |
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Glomerulus |
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Force of _________ forces out H2O and other small molecules in the glomerulus. |
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blood pressure |
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About _____ L of filtrate enter the nephrons each day. |
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180 |
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Filtrate enters the tubule at the: |
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Bowman's capsule. |
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Inner, visceral layer of Bowman's capsule is composed of special cells called ______ that aid in filtering process. |
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podocytes |
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MUCH reclaiming of H2O and nutrients occurs here. |
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
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_____% of the H2O and _____% of the nutrients are reabsorbed in the PCT. |
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60 and 65 |
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PCT are lined with _____ that aid in absorption. |
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microvilli |
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Na+ and H2O are regulated here. |
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Loop of Henle |
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Na+ is actively pumped out of the thick, ________ loop. |
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ascending |
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H2O moves out by osmosis in the thin,________ loop. |
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descending |
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The high _________ pulls water out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillaries following Na+. |
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salt gradient |
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______% of the H2O entering the nephron is reclaimed in Henle's Loop. |
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20 |
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The arrangement of the opposite flow in the tubule and the peritubular capillaries is called _________. |
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countercurrent mechanism |
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H2O absorption occurs in the DCT and collecting duct only if _____ is present. |
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ADH |
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ADH is released by the __________. |
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posterior pituitary |
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In _______, no ADH is present. |
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diabetes insipidus |
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ADH makes the tubule _______ to water so it can be drawn out. |
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permeable |
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Promotes Na+ retention of the kidney. |
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Aldosterone |
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In order to have H2O leave the nephron _____ must be present. |
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ADH |
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Aldosterone turned on by _______ and _______. |
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high K+ and angiotensin II |
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If aldosterone pumps are not working, urine _______. |
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increases |
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K+ secretion is controlled by _________. |
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aldosterone |
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Aldosterone regulates both the retention of ____ and excretion of _____. |
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Na+ and K+ |
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The juxtaglomelular apparatus is an endocrine structure that secretes ________ and _______. |
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renin and EPO |
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Diuretics act to ______ urine production. |
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increase |
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