Shoulder flexion synergists |
|
Deltiod anterior fibers
Pectoralis major upper fibers
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis |
| |
|
Should extension synergists |
|
Deltoid (posterior fibers)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Infrasomatis
Teres minor
Pectoralis major (lower fibers)
Triceps brachii (long head) |
| |
|
Shoulder horizontal abduction synergists |
|
Deltoid (posterior fibers)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor |
| |
|
Shoulder horizontal adduction synergists |
|
Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Pectoralis major (upper fibers)
|
| |
|
Shoulder abduction synergists |
|
Deltiod (all fibers)
Supraspinatus |
| |
|
Shoulder adduction synergists |
|
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Pectoralis major (all fibers)
Triceps brachii (long head)
Coracobrachialis |
| |
Shoulder lateral rotation
(external rotation) synergists |
|
Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major (all fibers) |
| |
Shoulder medial rotation
(internal rotation) synergists |
|
Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Latisumus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major (all fibers) |
| |
|
Scapula elevation synergists |
|
Trapezius (upper fibers)
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapula |
| |
|
Scapula depression synergists |
|
Trapezius (lower fibers)
Serratus anterior (with origin fixed)
Pectoralis minor |
| |
Scapula adduction
(retraction) synergist |
|
Trapezius (middle fibers)
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor |
| |
Scapula abduction
(protraction) synergists |
|
Serrtatus anterior (with origin fixed)
Pectoralis minor |
| |
|
Scapula upward rotation synergists |
|
Trapezius (upper and lower fibers) |
| |
|
Scapula downward rotation synergists |
|
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapula |
| |
|
Elbow flexion synergists |
|
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris (assists)
Palmaris longus
Pronator teres (assists)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (assists)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (assists) |
| |
|
Elbow extension synergists |
|
Triceps brachii
Anconeus |
| |
|
Forearm supination synergists |
|
Biceps brachii
Supinator
Brachioradialis (assists) |
| |
|
Forearm pronation synergists |
|
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis (assists) |
| |
|
Wrist extension synergists |
|
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum (assists) |
| |
|
Wrist flexion synergists |
|
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus (assists) |
| |
Wrist abduction
(radial deviation) synergists |
|
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Flexor carpi radialis |
| |
Wrist adduction
(ulnar deviation) synergists |
|
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris |
| |
|
Flexion of the second through fifth fingers |
|
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (5th)
Lumbricals
Dorsal interossei (2nd-4th) (assists)
Palmar interossei (2nd, 4th, 5th) (assists) |
| |
|
Extension of the second through fifth fingers |
|
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis (2nd)
Lumbricals
Dorsal interossei (2nd-4th) (assists)
Palmar interossei (2nd, 4th, 5th) (assists) |
| |
|
Abduction of the second through fifth fingers |
|
Dorsal interossei (2nd-4th)
Abductor digiti minimi (5th) |
| |
|
Adduction of the second through fifth fingers |
|
Palmar interossei (3nf, 4th, 5th)
Extensor indicis (2nd) (assists) |
| |
|
Opposition of the fifth finger |
|
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi (assists)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (assists)Thum |
| |
|
Thumb flexoin synergists |
|
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis (assists)
Palmar interossei (1st) (assists) |
| |
|
Thumb extension synergists |
|
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Palmar interossei (1st) (assists) |
| |
|
Thumb abduction synergists |
|
Abductor pollicis longus
Abdcutor pollicis brevis |
| |
|
Thumb adduction synergists |
|
Adductor pollicis
Palmar interossei |
| |
|
Thumb opposition synergists |
|
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis (assists)
Abdcutor pollicis brevis (assists) |
| |
|
Vertebral column flexion synergists |
|
Rectus abdominis
External oblique (bilaterally)
Internal oblique ( bilaterally) |
| |
|
Vertebral column extension synergists |
|
Spinalis (bilaterally)
Longissimus (bilaterally)
Illiocostalis (bilaterally)
Multifidi (bilaterally)
Rotatores (bilaterally)
Semispinalis capitis
Quadratus Lumborum (assists)
Intertransversarii (bilaterally)
Interspinalis
Latissimus dorsi (when arm is fixed) |
| |
|
Vertebral column rotation synergists |
|
(all unilaterally)
Multifide (to the opposite side)
Rotatores (to the opposite side)
External oblique (to the opposite side)
Internal oblique (to the same side) |
| |
|
Vertebral column lateral flexion synergists |
|
(unilaterally to the same side)
Spinalis
Longissimus
Illiocostalis
Quadratus lumborum
External oblique
Internal oblique
Intertransversarii
Latissimus dorsi |
| |
|
Ribs/Thorax elevation/expansion synergists |
|
Scalenes (all bilaterally)
Sternocleidomastoid (assists)
External intercostals (assists)
Serratus posterior superior
Pectoralis mahor (may assist if arm is fixed)
Serratus anterior (if scapula is fixed)
Subcalvius (first rib) |
| |
|
Rib/Thorax depression/collapse synergists |
|
Internal intercostals (assists)
Serratus posterior inferior |
| |
|
Muscles of Inhalation |
|
Diaphragm
Scalenes (all bilaterally)
Sternocleidomastoid (assists)
External intercostals (assists)
Serratus posterior superior
Quadratus lumborum
Pectoralis major (asists if arm's fixed)
Pectoralis minor (if scapula is fixed)
Serratus anterior ( if scapula is fixed)
Subclavius (first rib) |
| |
|
Muscles of exhalation |
|
Internal intercostals (assists)
Serratus posterior inferior
External oblique (compressing abdominal contents)
Transverse abdominis (compressing ... ...)
Quadratus lumborum |
| |
|
Cervical Spine flexion synergists |
|
Sternocleidomastoid (bilaterally)
Anterior scalene (bilaterally)
Longus capitis (bilaterally)
Longus colli (bilaterally) |
| |
|
Cervical Spine extension synergists |
|
Upper Trapezius (bilaterally)
Levertor scapula (bilaterally
Splenius capitis (bilaterally)
Splenius cervicis (bilaterally)
Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Oblique captitis superior
Semispinalis capitis
Longissimus capitis (assists)
Longissimus cervicis (assists)
Illiocostalis cervics (assists) |
| |
Cervical Spine rotation synergists
(unilaterally to the same side) |
|
Levator scapula
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Rectus capitis posterior major
Oblique capitis inferior
Longus colli
Longus capitis
Longissimus capitis (assists)
Longissimus cervicis (assists)
Illiocostialis cervicis (assists) |
| |
Cervical Spine rotation synergists
(unilaterally to the opposite side) |
|
Upper Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes |
| |
Cervical Spine lateral flexion synergists
|
|
(unilaterally to the same side)
Upper Trapezius
Levator scapula
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Sternocleidomastoid
Longus capitis
Longus colli
Scalenes (all with ribs fixed)
Longissimus capitis (assists)
Longissimus cervicis (assists)
Illiocostalis cervicis (assists) |
| |
|
Mandible elevation synergists |
|
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid |
| |
|
Mandible depression synergists |
|
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric (with hyoid bone fixed)
Platysma (assists) |
| |
|
Mandible protraction synergists |
|
Lateral pterygoid (bilaterally)
Medical pterygoid (bilaterally) |
| |
|
Mandible retraction synergists |
|
Temporalis
Digastric |
| |
|
Mandible lateral deviation synergists |
|
(unilaterally)
Lateraly pterygoid (to opposite side)
Medial pterygoid (to opposite side) |
| |
Pelvis anterior tilt
(downward rotation) synergists |
|
Latissimus dorsi (assists) |
| |
Pelvis posterior tilt
(upward rotation) synergists |
|
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Psoas minor |
| |
Pelvis Lateraly tilt
(elevation) synergists |
|
Quadratus lumborum
Latissimus dorsi (assists) |
| |
|
Coxal flexion synergists |
|
Rectus femoris
Gleteus medius (anterior fibers)
Glute minimus
Adductor magnus (assists)
Adductor longus (assists)
Adductor brevis (assistss)
Pectineus (assists)
Tensor fasciae latae
Sartorius
Psoas major
Illiacus |
| |
|
Coxal extension synergists |
|
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus (posterior fibers)
Adducyot magnus (posterior fibers) |
| |
Coxal medial rotation
(internal rotation) synergists |
|
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus medius (anterior fibers)
Gluteus minimus
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilid
Pecteneus
Tensor fasciae latae |
| |
Coxal lateral rotation
(external rotation) synergists |
|
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius (posterior fibers)
Satorius
Piriformis
Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Psoas major
Illiacus |
| |
|
Coxal abduction synergists |
|
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
Satorius
Piriformis (when hip is flexed) |
| |
|
Coxal adduction synergists |
|
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis
Psoas major
Illiacus
Gluteus maximus (lower fibers) |
| |
|
Knee flexion synergists |
|
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
Plantaris (weak) |
| |
|
Knee extension synergists |
|
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius |
| |
|
Knee medial rotation of flexed knee synergists |
|
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Fracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus |
| |
|
Knee lateral rotation of flexed knee synergists |
|
Biceps femoris |
| |
|
Ankle plantar flexion synergists |
|
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Peroneus longus (assists)
Peroneus brevis (assists)
Flexor digitorum longus (weak)
Flexor halliucis longus (weak)
Plantaris (weak) |
| |
|
Ankle dorsiflexion synergists |
|
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus |
| |
|
Foot/Toes inversion synergists |
|
Tibialis anteror
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis longus |
| |
|
Foot/Toes eversion synergists |
|
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Extensor digitorum longus |
| |
|
Flexion of second through fifth toes |
|
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor digitorum brevis
Lumbricals
Quadratus plantae (assists)
Dorsal interossei (2nd - 4th)
Plantar interossei (3rd - 5th)
Abductor digiti minimi (5th)
Flexor digiti minimi (5th) |
| |
|
Extension of second through fifth toes |
|
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum brevis (2nd - 4th)
Lumbricals |
| |
|
Adduction of second through fifth toes |
|
Plantar interossei (3rd - 5th) |
| |
|
Abduction of second through fifth toes |
|
Dorsal interossei (2nd - 4th)
Abductor digiti minimi (5th) (assists) |
| |
|
Flexion of first toe |
|
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor hallucis brevis
Abductor hallucis (assists) |
| |
|
Extension of first toe |
|
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis brevis |
| |
|
Adduction of first toe |
|
Adductor hallucis |
| |
|
Abduction of first toe |
|
Abductor hallucis |
| |
