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Sociology |
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the scientific study of society and human behavior
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Sociological Perspective
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opens a window into unfamiliar worlds and offers a fresh look at familiar ones
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Sociological Mindfulness
aka?
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("sociological imagination") Opening the mind to new and different ideas
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Psychoscerlosis |
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mental condition that prevents deprives people the ability to accept new ideas
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Global Purpose for Sociology
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changes that incorporate us into a global network
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Auguste Comte
Why sociology founded?
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founder of sociology
french revolution
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Herbert Spencer
social reform?
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Second founder, coined phrase "survival of the fittest"
no social reform
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Karl Marx
reform?
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said the root of human misery is social class
should reform
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Emile Durkheim
(social integration)
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human behavior studied by group interaction- suicide rates higher among people with weak community ties
*degree to which people are tied to their social group
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Max Weber
(versenth)
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religion is the central force in social change
"grasp by insight"- best interpreter of human behavior is someone who has been there
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Jane Adams
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founded the Hull House- one of first women studying sociology
wanted social reform
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WEB Dubois
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first black man to get pHD from Harvard
founded NAACP
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Harriet Martineau
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hid writings under sewing when she had visitors, mainly known for converting Comte's ideas from german to english
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C. Wright Mills
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encouraged social reform (encouraged people to get back to it)
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Culture |
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patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving- also includes material objects passed down from previous generations
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Instinct |
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genetically inherited- appear among members of the same species
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Reflexes |
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simple biological reactions to physical stimuli
(humans)
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Drives |
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impulse to reduce discomfort
(ie- eating, sleeping patterns etc)
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SHEPARD |
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"reflexes and drives don't determine how humans behave- culture does"
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Language |
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set of symbols (our guide to reality) words and their rules
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Linguistic Relativity
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our perception of reality is at the mercy of words and the grammatical rules of our language
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Values |
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those things considered good, desirable and beautiful by people who share a culture
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GERHARD LINKSI
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"technology has great power to shape a society"
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Symbols |
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things that stand for something else (ie- applause)
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Dimensions of Culture
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normative
cognitive
material
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Norms
3 aspects of normative dimension?
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rules defining appropriate behavior
folkways, mores, laws
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Folkways |
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customary ways of behaving, thinking, feeling
(ie- patterns of sleep, eating habits)
Violation has only a minor consequence
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Mores |
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have great moral significance- vital to the well being of society
(ie- killing, respect the flag)
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Laws |
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formally defined and enforced
violation- sanctions enforced
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Cognitive Dimension
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how we think about and perceive things/situations- comes from who or what you are surrounded by
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Material Dimension
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material objects of a society- including some passed down for generations
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Cultural Universals
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a value, norm or other cultural trait that appears in every culture
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Cultural Differences
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type of involvement with cultural universals
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Social Catagories
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men, women, young, old, race, religion etc.
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Subculture |
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cultural patterns that set apart a societys population
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Counterculture |
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cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held
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ethnocentrism |
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judging another culture based on your own
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Global Economy
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flow of goods, information and people
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Socialization |
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process by which people learn to participate in group life.
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Gardners Study
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thin dwarf children began to grow when adopted
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Coley's looking glass self
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self concept is based on our perception of what we think others judgements of us are
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