High- consensus deviance |
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Behaviours or characteristics that are widely accepted as being deviant and in need of social control. |
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Low- consensus deviance |
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Behaviours and characteristics about which there is considerable disagreement over whether they are deviant or not. |
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Social control |
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Actions that are intended to punish, “ fix,” or prevent deviant behaviour.
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Formal – Institutionalized authorities
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Informal – Get a tattoo here or there
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Retroactive - Rehabilitation
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Preventative – Education
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Criminologists |
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Researchers who specialize in the study of crime, which is a specific form of deviant behaviour. |
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Criminology |
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The academic discipline that focuses on the study of crime and those labelled as criminals, and is considered to be either a subdiscipline within sociology or a discipline related to sociology. |
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Crime |
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A specific form of deviance that involves the violation of criminal law.
Crime Control Through Punishment
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Punishment as ...
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Retribution
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Deterrence
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People are rational decision makers and act to avoid punishment
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Punishment must be prompt, severe, & certain
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Punishment to...
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Protect society
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Rehabilitate
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Summary conviction offences |
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Less serious criminal offences that are punishable by a maximum of two years in prison and/ or a $ 2,000 fine. |
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Indictable conviction offences |
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More serious criminal offences punishable by more than two years in prison. |
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Violent crimes |
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Criminal offences that involve physical harm to another person. |
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Property crimes |
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Criminal offences that are directed at someone’s property, rather than at someone’s physical person. |
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Victimless crimes |
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Criminal offences that involve consensual relations in the exchange of illegal goods or services. |
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White- collar crime |
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Criminal offences involving the misappropriation of financial resources. |
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Corporate crime |
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Criminal offences carried out by organizations or by knowledgeable employees in the course of their employment. |
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Organized crime |
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Two or more persons consorting together on a continual basis to participate in illegal activities, either directly or indirectly, for gain. |
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Internet crime |
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Criminal offences that take place online. |
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Criminal justice system |
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The social institution responsible for the apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of criminal offenders. |
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Retribution |
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A morally justified consequence. |
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Abolitionism |
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A movement calling for the dismantling of the criminal justice system.
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Restorative justice |
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An approach to justice emphasizing healing and reparation of harm. |
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Institutionalized goals |
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The goals that we are supposed to aspire to in contemporary society. |
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Legitimate means |
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The socially accepted ways of attaining wealth, power, and prestige. |
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Techniques |
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The skills needed to engage in either deviant or conforming behaviour. |
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Motives |
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The reasons for engaging in either deviant or conforming behaviour. |
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Techniques of neutralization |
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Rationalizations that allow us to justify our behaviour to others and to ourselves. |
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Primary deviance |
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The little acts of deviance that many of us engage in occasionally. |
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Secondary deviance |
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Chronic deviance as a lifestyle. |
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Stigmatization |
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The process by which individuals are excluded because of particular behaviours/ characteristics. |
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Self- surveillance |
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Monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant. |
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Deviance |
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NO BEHAVIOUR IS INHERENTLY WRONG. IT CAN'T BE UNLESS SOCIETY DEEMS IT SO.
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Functionalist beliefs of cause and solutions to deviance |
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Innovation – accepts goals, pursues illegitimate means
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Retreatism – rejects both, withdraws
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Rebellion – rejects both, seeks alternative lifestyles
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Structural solutions to Crime |
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Affordable housing strategies
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Initiatives ending homelessness
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Anti-discrimination policies
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Conflict theories views about Deviance |
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Feminist theory views about Deviance |
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The Post Modernist Theory views about deviance |
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The disciplinary society
Panopticon – Metaphor to how society controls us. Observe them and create the conditions that they can be observe, monitor and surveilled. Convincing people that it is the right way to behave in society. Policing society this way. (Facebook, cameras in London)
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