Skeletal Bones

Total Flash Cards » 49
Text Size: S | M | L

Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

Pelvic Girdle

Bones of lower limb

Bones of the upper limb

Rib cage bones

Foot bones
Skeleton - constructed of 2 supportive tissues: cartilage & bone
- supports the body
- provides a system of levers the skeletal muscles use to move the body
Bones Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red bone marrow cavities
The AXIAL SKELETON consists of what bones? -bones that form the body's longitudial axis
- skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage (ribs & sternum)
The APPENDICULAR SKELETON consists of what bones? - bones of the girdles & limbs

Found at the end of long bones & nose HYALINE CARTILAGE
Predominantly found in the ear ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Mostly found in the Pubic Syphalys FIBROCARTILAGE
What are the four main kinds of bones? 1. LONG BONES
2. SHORT BONES
3. FLAT BONES
4. IRREGULAR BONES
How many bones in the human body? 206
The adult skeleton is composed of 2 basic kinds of osseous tissue that differ in texture. Name and describe them. 1. COMPACT BONE - dense, looks smooth, homogeneous
2. SPONGY BONE - composed of small trabeculae (needlelike bars) of bone & lots of open space
Describe LONG BONES - such as the femur & bones of the fingers:
- much longer than they are wide
- generally consist of a shaft with heads at either end
- are mostly compact bone
Describe SHORT BONES - typically cube-shaped
- contain more spongy bone than compact bone
- tarsals & carpals
Describe FLAT BONES - generally thin
- layer of spongy bone sandwiched between 2 waferlike layers of compact bone
- bones of the skull
Describe IRREGULAR BONES - vertebrae
- bones that do not fall into one of the other categories
What is the DIAPHYSIS? The shaft of a long bone
What is the shaft of a long bone named? DIAPHYSIS
What is the name of the fibrous membrane that covers the bones surface? PERIOSTEUM
What is the PERIOSTEUM? Fibbrous membrane that covers the bone surface
What are SHARPEY'S FIBERS? Multiple fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone
What is the name of the multiple fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone? SHARPEY'S FIBERS
What is the EPIPHYSIS? The end of the long bone
What do you call the end of a long bone? EPIPHYSIS
What is the name of the glassy hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum? ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
What is the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE? It covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum; glassy hyaline cartilage; provides a smooth surface to prevent friction @ joint surfaces
What and where is the MEDULLARY CAVITY? - central cavity of the shaft
- essentially a storage region for adipose tissue (yellow marrow)
Where is YELLOW MARROW (adipose tissue) stored in adult bones? MEDULLARY CAVITY
TUBEROSITY - large rounded projection
- may be roughened
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
CREST
- narrow ridge of bone
- usually prominent
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
TROCHANTER
- very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
- only on the femur
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
LINE
- narrow ridge of bone
- less prominent than a crest
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
TUBERCLE
- small rounded projection or process
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
EPICONDYLE
- raised area on or above a condyle
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
SPINE
- sharp, slender, often pointed projection
(think spinous process of vertebra)
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
RAMUS
- armlike bar of bone
(think jawbone)
Projections that help to form joints:
HEAD
- bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
(think end of rib that attaches to ribcage)
Projections that help to form joints:
FACET
- smooth, nearly flat articular surface
(think end fo rib that attaches to ribcage)
Projections that help to form joints:
CONDYLE
- rounded articular projection
(think top part of jaw that is joint for jaw and skull)
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
MEATUS
- canal-like passageway
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
SINUS
- cavity within a bone, filled with air & lined with mucous membrane
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
FOSSA
- shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
GROOVE
- slitlike furrow
(think jawbone)
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
FISSURE
- narrow, slitlike opening
(think inferior orbital fissure)
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
FORAMEN
- round or oval opening through a bone