|
|
Axial & Appendicular Skeleton |
| |
|
|
Pelvic Girdle |
| |
|
|
Bones of lower limb |
| |
|
|
Bones of the upper limb |
| |
|
|
Rib cage bones |
| |
|
|
Foot bones |
| |
Skeleton |
|
- constructed of 2 supportive tissues: cartilage & bone
- supports the body
- provides a system of levers the skeletal muscles use to move the body |
| |
Bones |
|
Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red bone marrow cavities |
| |
The AXIAL SKELETON consists of what bones? |
|
-bones that form the body's longitudial axis
- skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage (ribs & sternum) |
| |
The APPENDICULAR SKELETON consists of what bones? |
|
- bones of the girdles & limbs
|
| |
Found at the end of long bones & nose |
|
HYALINE CARTILAGE |
| |
Predominantly found in the ear |
|
ELASTIC CARTILAGE |
| |
Mostly found in the Pubic Syphalys |
|
FIBROCARTILAGE |
| |
What are the four main kinds of bones? |
|
1. LONG BONES
2. SHORT BONES
3. FLAT BONES
4. IRREGULAR BONES |
| |
How many bones in the human body? |
|
206 |
| |
The adult skeleton is composed of 2 basic kinds of osseous tissue that differ in texture. Name and describe them. |
|
1. COMPACT BONE - dense, looks smooth, homogeneous
2. SPONGY BONE - composed of small trabeculae (needlelike bars) of bone & lots of open space |
| |
Describe LONG BONES |
|
- such as the femur & bones of the fingers:
- much longer than they are wide
- generally consist of a shaft with heads at either end
- are mostly compact bone |
| |
Describe SHORT BONES |
|
- typically cube-shaped
- contain more spongy bone than compact bone
- tarsals & carpals |
| |
Describe FLAT BONES |
|
- generally thin
- layer of spongy bone sandwiched between 2 waferlike layers of compact bone
- bones of the skull |
| |
Describe IRREGULAR BONES |
|
- vertebrae
- bones that do not fall into one of the other categories |
| |
What is the DIAPHYSIS? |
|
The shaft of a long bone |
| |
What is the shaft of a long bone named? |
|
DIAPHYSIS |
| |
What is the name of the fibrous membrane that covers the bones surface? |
|
PERIOSTEUM |
| |
What is the PERIOSTEUM? |
|
Fibbrous membrane that covers the bone surface |
| |
What are SHARPEY'S FIBERS? |
|
Multiple fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone |
| |
What is the name of the multiple fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone? |
|
SHARPEY'S FIBERS |
| |
What is the EPIPHYSIS? |
|
The end of the long bone |
| |
What do you call the end of a long bone? |
|
EPIPHYSIS |
| |
What is the name of the glassy hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum? |
|
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE |
| |
What is the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE? |
|
It covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum; glassy hyaline cartilage; provides a smooth surface to prevent friction @ joint surfaces |
| |
What and where is the MEDULLARY CAVITY? |
|
- central cavity of the shaft
- essentially a storage region for adipose tissue (yellow marrow) |
| |
Where is YELLOW MARROW (adipose tissue) stored in adult bones? |
|
MEDULLARY CAVITY |
| |
TUBEROSITY |
|
- large rounded projection
- may be roughened |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
CREST |
|
- narrow ridge of bone
- usually prominent |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
TROCHANTER |
|
- very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
- only on the femur |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
LINE |
|
- narrow ridge of bone
- less prominent than a crest |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
TUBERCLE |
|
- small rounded projection or process |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
EPICONDYLE |
|
- raised area on or above a condyle |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
SPINE |
|
- sharp, slender, often pointed projection
(think spinous process of vertebra) |
| |
Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachments:
RAMUS |
|
- armlike bar of bone
(think jawbone) |
| |
Projections that help to form joints:
HEAD |
|
- bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
(think end of rib that attaches to ribcage) |
| |
Projections that help to form joints:
FACET |
|
- smooth, nearly flat articular surface
(think end fo rib that attaches to ribcage) |
| |
Projections that help to form joints:
CONDYLE |
|
- rounded articular projection
(think top part of jaw that is joint for jaw and skull) |
| |
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
MEATUS |
|
- canal-like passageway |
| |
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
SINUS |
|
- cavity within a bone, filled with air & lined with mucous membrane |
| |
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
FOSSA |
|
- shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface |
| |
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
GROOVE |
|
- slitlike furrow
(think jawbone) |
| |
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
FISSURE |
|
- narrow, slitlike opening
(think inferior orbital fissure) |
| |
Depression & openings allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass:
FORAMEN |
|
- round or oval opening through a bone |
| |