Restorative Art Glossary Terms - Complete Set (Funeral Director Studies)

antemortem and/or postmortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis Abrasion A localized accumulation of pus Abscess to bluntly adjoin another structure: for example, the line of the eye closure Abut dimethylketone: a colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs: a solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover Acetone a color not found in the visible spectrum: a neutral color such as white, black, gray, and silver and gold (for decorative purposes) Achromatic color facial markings that develop during ones lifetime, primarily as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles. Acquired facial markings sticking to or adhering closely: substances which may be applied in order to sustain contact of two surfaces Adhesive a colloidal solution dispensed as a mist Aerosol psychological: a visual impression remaining after the stimulus has been removed After-image a pressured atomizer utilized for spraying liquid paint or cosmetic upon a surface Airbrush A bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for teeth Alveolar process an abnormal protrusion of the Alveolar Process(es) Alveolar prognthism to cut off a limb: to dismember Amputate in color harmony, two or more hues which have the same hue in common Analogous descriptive references for locating anatomical structures by means of the anatomical structures which are known Anatomical guides the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body Anatomical position a material or technique employed to secure tissues or restorative materials in a fixed position: an armature Anchor Angulus: a sharp turn formed by the meeting of two borders or surfaces Angle a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible Angle of the mandible the degree from vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects Angle of projection the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth: a natural facial marking Angulus oris eminence the groove found at each end of the line of closure of the mouth: a natural facial marking Angulus oris sulcus before death antemortem before or in front of: an anatomical term of position and direction which denotes the front or forward part Anterior the external nostril openings Anterior nares the inner rim of the ear Antihelix a small eminence obliquely opposite the Tragus on the superior border of the lobe of the ear Antitragus an opening Aperture watery: prepared with water as a solvent Aqueous a clear, thin, alkaline fluid which fills the anterior chamber of the eyeball Aqueous humor curved, as the beak of an eagle: as viewed from the profile, a nose which exhibits a hook or convexity in its dorsum Aquiline a structure which exhibits a curved or bow-like outline Arch the inferior margin of the nasal wing which forms a distinct concave arc superiorly Arch of the wing containing minute interspaces in a tissue Areolar framework: a material, commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration Armature to draw out liquids or gasses by means of suction Aspiration lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion Asymmetry in cosmetology, the vehicle in a cosmetic (oil base); the initial application of a cream or cosmetic Base white, yellow, red, and brown: four hues which correspond to the pigments of the skin Basic pigment (cross stitch) a network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position Basket weave suture the lower part of anything, the supporting part Base those areas of the fleshy lips, cheeks, chin, and neck which exhibit hair growth Beard Area two sides Bilateral dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object Bilateral differences the bilateral view: an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature Bilateral silhouette an achromatic color: the absence of all color in pigmentation Black to whiten by removing color: to make pale Blanch a chemical which lightens or blanches skin discolorations Bleach the act of lightening a discoloration by hypodermic means or by surface compress Bleaching color which escapes at the edge of a mixture Bleed to mix or intermingle colors smoothly: to make a gradual change from one color to another Blend a thin vesicle on the skin containing liquid matter Blister having relatively large patches of color somewhat different from the remainder of the coloring Blotched light yellow in coloration: a term commonly employed to describe hair color Blonde the horizontal portion of the lower jaw Body of the mandible a raised support: the arched portion of the nose which is supported by the nasal bones: a structure or span connecting two parts of the mutilated bone Bridge (interrupted suture) a temporary suture consisting of individually cut and tied stitches employed to sustain the proper position of tissues Bridge stitch brightness: in colored illumination, the quantity of illumination passing through a color transparency Brilliance brown or copper-like in coloration Bronze the color of tanned leather Brown dark brown in coloration: a term commonly employed to describe hair color Brunette (ecchymosis) an injury caused by a blow without laceration: a contusion Bruise the space between the lips and the gums and teeth: the vestibule of the oral cavity Buccal cavity natural, shallow concavities of the cheeks which extend obliquely downward from the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones Buccal depressions the principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth Buccinator the vertical furrow of the cheek: an acquired facial marking Bucco-facial Sulcus to oxidize or to cause to be oxidized by fire or equivalent means: a tissue reaction or injury resulting from the application of heat Burn in cosmetology, a compressed powder Cake any malignant neoplasm, marked by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells Cancer (crimson) purple-red in coloration Carmine the yellow pigment of the skin Carotene a specialized type of dense connective tissue: attached to the ends of the bones and forming parts of structures Cartilage Casting: any object which has been made from a mold: the positive reproduction obtained from a negative impression Cast a chemical capable of drying tissues by searing: caustic Cauterizing agent a hollow place or area Cavity a substance used to promote the adhesion of two separated surfaces, such as the lips, the eyelids, or the margins of an incision Cement reduced to carbon: the state of tissues destroyed by burning Charred a color having hue: a color of the visible spectrum Chromatic color the eyelashes Cilia a clear syrup-like liquid which evaporates, leaving a contractile, white film, a liquid sealer Collodion a suspension for pigments in a liquid vehicle bound together in such a manner that there is no separation of particles Colloid a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity of and vibration of light Color in cosmetology, a substance used to impart color to an object: dye, pigment, ink or paint Colorant colored glass, gelatin, or other substances which transmit light of certain wave lengths while absorbing the others Colored Filter illumination of an identifiable hue Colored Light a circle in which the primary, secondary, and intermediate hues are arranged in orderly intervals Color wheel the fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose: located between the nostrils: the most inferior part of the mass of the nose Columna nasi directly opposite hues on the color wheel: any two pigmentary hues which, by their mixture in equal quantities, produce gray Complements the color and texture of the skin, especially that of the face Complexion forming a part of ingredient Component a broken bone which pierces the skin Compound fracture gauze or absorbent cotton saturate with water or an appropriate chemical and placed under or upon tissues Compress exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface: a concavity Concave afacial profile variation in which the forehead protudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip Concave-Convex profile a depressed profile form which may dip concavely from root to tip Concave nasal profile a basic facial profile form in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip Concave profile a facial profile in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line Concave-Vertical profile the concave shell of the ear: the deepest depression of the ear Concha treatments of a restorative nature performed during the embalming operation Concurrent a rounded prominence at the end of a bone forming an articulation: the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible Condyle sensory nerves in the retina of the eye having to do with color detection Cones of the eye to contract or compress Constrict the outline or surface form Contour a bruise Contusion the color of an object being converted or completely destroyed when one color of illumination strikes an object of a completely different color Conversion curved evenly: resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere Convex a profile in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip Convex-concave profile a nasal profile which exhibits a hump in its linear form Convex nasal profile a profile form in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip (most common) Convex profile a profile in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin and upper project equally to an imaginary vertical line Convex-Vertical profile Blue, Green, purple or any intermediate pigmentary hue in which they predominate: a receding hue which creates the illusion of distance Cool hue vertical prominences of the neck: an acquired facial marking Cords of the neck the transparent structure which constitutes the anterior segment of the external layer of the eyeball Cornea the anterior, non-articulating process of the ramus of the mandible which serves as the insertion for the temporalis muscle Coronoid process having an abnormal amount of fat on the body Corpulence a cosmetic technique to highlight the face to reduce the appearance of size or deepen a depression Corrective shaping with cosmetics a pyramid-shaped muscle of the facial expression which draws the eyebrows inferiorly and medially Corrugator a preparation for beautifying the complexion and skin Cosmetic a cosmetic medium composed of two, three, or all four basic pigments Cosmetic compound the initial application of a cream or paste cosmetic to skin tissues Cosmetic base the process of applying cosmetics to a surface Cosmetizing (beautician) a professional trained in the application of cosmetics and the styling of hair Cosmetologist the study of beautifying and improving the complexion, skin, hair, and nails Cosmetology that part of the human skull which encloses the brain Cranium a semi-solid cosmetic Cream cosmetic the top of a curve (as a wave) where the direction changes Crest the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity Cribriform plate deep purplish-red in coloration Crimson (vertex) the topmost part of the head Crown the superior and anterior bifurcating brances of the antihelix of the ear Crura of the Antihelix the origin of the helix which is flattened in the concha Crus of the helix a commercially-prepared solvent used to remove dead cuticle from the nails and obstinate scabs Cuticle remover separation fo the head from the body: to decapitate is the act of such separation Decapitation separation of the compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial or autolytic enzymes Decomposition a material employed to fill cavities or excisions and to serves as a foundation for the superficial wax restoration Deep filler loss of water from the body or tissues Dehydrated the loss of moisture from the body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem Dehydration having the component parts closely compacted together: relatively opaque Dense the thickness of the applied cosmetic Density (buck teeth) oblique insertion of the teeth Dental prognathism ligature around the superior and inferior teeth employed to hold the mandible in a fixed position Dental tie Artificial Teeth Denture to lower inferiorly or to reduce projection Depress a hollow or concave region: the lowering of a part Depression a muscle of facial expression which depresses the angle of the mouth Depressor anguli oris a muscle of facial expression which draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly lateral Depressor labii inferioris a state or degree of being deep Depth (dermis, skin) the corium, or true skin Derma (skin slip) the separation of the epidermis from the dermis as a result of putrefaction Desquamation rendered thoroughly dry: exhausted of moisture Desiccation a variation from the common or established Deviations a frontal-view geometric head shape which is widest across the cheekbones, narrowing in width in both the forehead and the jaws Diamond a double bellied muscle which draws the hyoid bone superiorly Digastrcus a substance thinned or reduced in concentration: a cosmetic lessened in brilliance Dilution shallow depression located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form: natural facial markings Dimples disjoining of bones Disarticulate the act of cutting apart Dissection to expand or swell Distend a state of stretching out or becoming inflated Distention a state of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position Distortion top: the anterior protruding ridge of the nose from the root to the tip of the lobe Dorsum a wooden or metal rod used as a armature Dowel a compacted cake-type cosmetic of red coloration Dry rouge a non-preserving powder utilized in the setting cosmetics and a wax firming agent. Examples: Talcum powder, Cornstarch Drying powder freedom from wetness: a condition of tissues necessary for the adhesion of cement, sealer, deep filler or wax Dryness (swarthy) somewhat dark in color: when used to describe the complexion color Dusky (pinna) the organ of hearing Ear (bruise) a discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood within the tissues and generally accompanied by swelling Ecchymosis Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the tissues or body cavities Edema an electrically-heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form Electric Spatula a raised surface or part Elevation a relatively long and slightly dipping curve Elliptical curve excessive leanness: a wasted condition resulting in sunken surfaces of the face Emaciation the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms Embalming to fix or fasten in place Embed a prominence or projection of a bone Eminence a smoothing agent having the ability to soften tissues: massage cream or a cosmetic possessing this characteristic Emollient using the same color of light as the color of the object Emphasis a permanent misture of two or more immiscible substances (oil and water) which are united with the aid of a binder (gum) or emulsifier (soap) Emulsion the removal of an entire mass or part, especially a tumor or the eyeball, without rupture Enucleation the outmost layer of the skin: the cutical or scarf skin Epidermis a clear, volatile liquid used as a wax solvent or to remove grease, oil, and adhesive tape stains Ether turn outward Evert the area from which tissue has been removed. Excise - to remove as by cutting out Excision any visible surface which is to remain uncovered or unclothed Exposed area the opening or passageway of the ear External auditory meatus weight applied to a surface External pressure drawn or pulled out Extraction (supercilium) also the superficial hairs covering the superciliary arches Eyebrows a cosmetic in pencil form for coloring the hairs of the eyebrow Eyebrow pencil a thin, dome-like shell made of hardened cloth, metal or plastic placed beneath the eyelids to restore natural curvature Eyecap (palpebrae) two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball Eyelids a cosmetic color applied to the upper eyelid: the cosmetic colorant so applied Eye Shadow (orbit) the bony region containing the eyeball: the orbital cavity Eye Socket anatomically, the region from the eyes to the base of the chin:physiognomically, the region from the normal hairline to the base of the chin Face the character line of the face and neck: wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples Facial markings the silhouettes of the face from the side view Facial profiles mathematical relationships of the facial features to one another and/or to the head and face Facial proportions to reduce gradually to an indistinguishable edge, to taper Feather material used to fill a large cavity (eg.. plaster of paris and cotton, liquid sealer and cotton) Filler the degree of rigidity or stability: a condition of the tissues necessary for the application of wax Firmness (wound filler) the most viscous type of wax: a putty-like material used to fill in large cavities or model features Firm wax (hyperemia) an injury caused by heat which produces redness of the skin First Degree Burn Flushed with red, when describing a complexion: not as vivid as ruddy Florid the illumination produced by a tubular electric discharge lamp: the flourescence of phosphors coating the inside of a tube Fluorescent Light an elongated prominence adjoining a surface Fold an opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain Foramen magnum the quality of a color to draw attention by means of its intensity or advancing characteristics Force that part of the face above the eyes Forehead a depression: a concavity Fossa the complexion cosmetic in ornamental cosmetology Foundation Total evacuation (absence) of tissue Fourth degree burn broken bone Fracture the vertical restraining fold of the mucous membrane on the midline of the inside of each lip connecting the lip with the gum Frenulum Anterior: the anterior view of the face or features Frontal the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull Frontal Bone paired, rounded, unmargined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline Frontal eminences the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone Frontal process of the maxilla the quality and quantity of the illumination used for presentation of the casketed remains Funeral Lighting (wrinkle) a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations Furrow The ascending process of the upper jaw Frontal process of the maxilla a light, open-mesh variety of muslin or similar material Gauze the shape of plane figure determined by its outline, such as rounded, oval, square, etc. Geometric a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone Glabella a syrupy, colorless liquid obtained from fats or oils as a by-product of the manufacturing of soaps and fatty acids Glycerin a neutral, achromatic color resulting from the mixture of black and white pigments Gray (straight nasal profile) a nasal profile form in which the dorsum exhibits a straight line from the root to the tip Grecian the hue resulting from the mixture of yellow and blue pigments Green an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface Groove the outline of hair growth on the head or face: the lowest centrally located part of the hair of the cranium Hairline a grouping of hairs, affixed by suturing, utilized in hair restorations Hair Patch the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth Hard Palate the outline of the exterior margins of the head Head shape the vertical measurement of a feature or part of a feature: the distance above the base Height the outer rim of the ear Helix red pigment: the protein coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles which serves to convey oxygen to the tissues forming oxyhemoglobin Hemoglobin a surface lying at the right angles to the source of illumination which reflects the maximum amount of light: the brighter part Highlight application fo a color which is lighter or brighter then the complexion and would highlight the complexion Highlighting with cosmetics Application of a color darker then the complexion color would shadow the complexion Shadowing with cosmetics roughly u-shaped, with the front being narrower than the sweep of the curve Horseshoe curve the property of a color by which it is distinguiushed from other colors Hue any liquid or semi-liquid of the body, as the aqueous or vitreous humor of the eyeball Humor shaped as a bent wood weapon with a central belly: resembling a cupid bow Hunting bow the injection of chemicals directly into the tiessues through the use of a syringe and needle Hypodermic injection the injection of a special creams of liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour Hypodermic tissue building giving or casting of light Illumination (white light) the illumination resulting from the glowing of a heater filament Incandescent light a clean cut into tissue or skin Incision the depression between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth Incisive fossa the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline of each jaw, used for cutting Incisor teeth slope: deviation from the horizontal or vertical: oblique Inclination a blue dye: a deep violet blue designated by newton as one of the seven prismatic colors Indigo babyish, childlike in regard to much adipose tissue Infantine beneath: lower in plane or position, toward the feet Inferior the lowermost scroll-shaped bones on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity Inferior nasal conchae the furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebra: an acquired facial marking Inferior palpebral sulcus the reaction of the tissues to injurious agents, usually characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain Inflammation a form of prognathism in which the base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally Infranasal prognathism the part of the invisible spectrum adjacent to the red end of the visible spectrum Infrared to restrain, hinder, or retard Inhibit to introduce forcibly into the circulatory system, tissues, etc. with a hypodermic syringe or the like Inject eminence at the inner corner of the closed eyelids Inner canthus Superiorly, the skin portion of the upper lip and Inferiorly the skin of the lower lip. (mucous membrane & Labiomental sulcus) Integumentary lips existing in a high degree or brilliance: vivid Intense to beomce more brilliant or more vivid in color Intensify (chroma) the brightness or dullness of a hue Intensity the vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows: acquired facial markings Interciliary sulci a pigmentary hue produced by mixing, in equal quanties, a primary hue with its adjacent secondary hue on the color wheel Intermediate hue a notch or opening between the tragus and the antitragus of the ear Intertragic notch (hidden suture) a type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis Intradermal suture tissues turned in an opposite direction or folded inward Inversion a three side figure whose base is superior to its apex Inverted triangle the inferior border of the mandible Jawline (simultaneous contrast) any two hues seen together which modify each other in the direction of their complements Juxtaposition Lips Labia (furrows of age) the vertical furrows of each lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips: acquired facial markings labial sulci the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which may appear as a furrow: a natural facial marking Labiomental sulcus to cut or often tear into irregular segments Lacerated an irregularly torn or jagged wound, ranging from the superficial scratches to deep tears in the tissues Laceration oil from sheep wool Lanolin (peach fuzz) the downy hair of a fetus, children, or women Lanugo toward the side Lateral escape of blood or fluids Leak a vertical dimension Length a nasal index common to individuals of Western European descent having a long, narrow, and high-bridge Leptorrhine a muscle of facial expression which elevates the angle of the mouth Levator anguli oris a muscle of the facial expression which elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril opening: the common elevator Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi a muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip Levator labii superioris a muscle of facial expression which raises the upper eyelid Levator palpebrae superioris to tie or bind using cord, wire, or thread Ligate thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues, or bones ligature to shine: a form of electromagnetic radiation that acts upon the retina of the eye to make sight possible light the line that forms between two structures, such as the lips or the eyelids when in a closed position, which marks their place Line of closure eyelid furrows which are short and broken, extending horizontally on the palpebrae themselves - may fan from both the medial and lateral corners Linear sulci a small, flat brush having soft hairs of uniform length Lip brush a soft restorative wax, usually tinted, used to surface the mucous membranes or to correct lip separations Lip wax a fluid, facial colorant in which pigments are dissolved or suspended Liquid cosmetic a quick-drying fluid adhesive Liquid sealer an aqueous mixture or powder with a suspending agent Liquid suspension the fatty inferior one-third of the ear Lobe a single, nose -like suture, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials Loop Stitch a red-purple or purplish-red color Magenta those requiring a long period of time, are extensive, require advanced technical skill, and expressed written consent to perform Major restoration the cosmetic material: the way in which one is painted: the process of application of a cosmetic makeup the horsehoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw Mandible Glenoid fossa: forms the temporal mandibular joint Mandibular Fossa inferior jaw protrudes Mandibular prognathism the furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek: an acquired facial marking Mandibular sulcus A stitch used to hold the mouth closed: passed through the jaw at the medium plane Mandibular suture the boundaries or edges Margins a cosmetic preparation used to darken the eyelashes Mascara (face mask) anything that hides or conceals, as cosmetics Mask a soft, white, oily preparation used as a protective coating for external tissues: a base for cream cosmetics and a wax softener: an emollient Massage cream muscles of mastication which close the mandible Masseter muscles the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear Mastoid process having a dull finish: as afforded by the application of loose powder, lack of sheen Matte a paired bone with several process that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth and sides of nasal cavity Maxilla superior jaw protrudes Maxillary prognathism middle: nears the medial plane Medial tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane medial lobe derma-surgery or restorative wax Medium wax the brown to black-brown pigment in the epidermis and hair melanin a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible Mental eminence elevates and protrudes the inferior lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin Mentalis muscle a nasal classification which is medium broad and medium-low bridges: common to individuals of asian descent mesorrhine those requiring a minimum effort, skill or time to complete Minor restoration a composition of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other Mixture constructing a form with a pliable material such as wax or clay Modeling variations of one hue: tints, tones, and shades of one hue Monochromatic to diversify with spots or blothes of a different color (or shade) Mottle a device used in the mouth for shaping the contour of the lips Mouth former the visible red surfaces of the lips: the lining membrane of body cavities which communicate with the exterior Mucous membranes A stitch used to hold the mouth closed: passed through muscle tangent to the inferior jaw Musculature suture to reduce the intensity of a color by the addition of another color Mute disfigured by a loss of a natural part by force mutilated directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity Nasal bones the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla nasal cavity the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity Nasal spine of the maxilla the angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold: a natural facial marking nasal sulcus the eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth: extending from the superior / posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth Nasolabial fold the furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth Nasolabial sulcus depression superior to the medial portion of the superior palpbrae: an acquired facial marking Naso-orbital fossa that that are present at birth, hereditary Natural facial markings areas of color in the tissues normally darker then the adjacent areas Natural shadows an instrument used to impel specially designed metal pins (with wire attached to each pin) into bone. Normal use would be as a mouth closures Needle Injector a new and abnormal formation of tissue, as a tumor or growth neoplasm a birthmark: a congenital skin blemish: any congenital anomaly, including various type of birthmarks and all types of moles Nevus the most common characteristics of each feature: typical, common, average Norm a relatively deep indentation, usually between two projections Notch slanting or inclined, neither perpendicular nor horizontal Oblique the shallow, curing groove below the medial corner of the eyelids: a natural facial marking Oblique palpebral sulcus a frontal head form in which the head is long and narrow throughout Oblong lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain Occipital bone the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone Occipital protuberance Epicranius: draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly and raises the eyebrows Occipitofrontalis muscle a coloring medium in which the pigments are combined with petroleum product Oil-base cosmetics a yellow-tan of medium value with a greenish tinge Olive the state of being opaque Opacity not transparent or translucent: not allowing light to pass through a concealing cosmetic Opaque (crows feet) the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye: acquired facial markings Optic facial sluci the mouth: the orifice containing the teeth and tongue Oral cavity the hue obtained from the mixture of red and yellow: a secondary color of pigments Orange close the eyelids: compresses the lacrimal sacs Orbicularis oculi muscles closes the lips Orbicularis oris muscle (orbit) the Eye socket Orbital cavity bags under the eyes: the fullness between the inferior palpebrae and the oblique palpebral sulcus Orbital pouch the entrance or outlet of any body cavity: an opening Orifice the attachment of a muscle which moves least when the muscle contracts: the beginning Origin an adornment or embellishment ornamental a frontal head form in which the head is generally egg-shaped, with the cranium slightly wider then the jaws: most common geometric head form Oval a coloring modified by an overlying color: a color which visibly predominates more then general coloring: a wash Overtone one of the bones forming the posterior part of the hard palate: between the interior pterygoid plate of the spheniod bone / maxillia Palatine bone the eyelids both superior and inferior Palpebrae a face powder cosmetic pressed into a flat cake Pancake two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull Parietal bones the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones: determines the widest part of the cranium Parietal eminence a soft, moist opaque cosmetic with the consistency of dough Paste a group of hairs of uniform length applied simultaneously as a method of hair replacement Patch of hair diseased: due to a disease Pathological condition wounds entering the interior of an organ or cavity Penetrating wounds superior portion of the bony nasal septum perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone a semi-solid, yellow mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum Petroleum jelly (carbolic acid) an antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach discolored tissues Phenol the vertical groove located medially on the superior lips: a natural facial marking Philtrum the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features Physiognomy a coloring matter which can be applied to an object, when combined with some type of vehicle pigment a powder (usually composed of dry, pulverized pigments and talcum) employed to impart color to the skin pigment powder the Prange system: the basis for mortuary cosmetology Pigment theory (ear) the auricle or projected part of the exterior ear Pinna surface having very little curvature Planes calcium sulfate: a white powdery substance which forms a quick setting paste when mixed with water Plaster of Paris a nasal classification which is short and broad and has the minimum of projection: common to individuals of African descent Platyrrhine thin layer of muscle covering anterior aspect of neck Platysma muscle the transverse, dipping furrow of the neck: acquired facial marking Platysmal sulci a small ball, cylinder, or tuft often made of cotton Pledget any device as cotton, cloth, wood, etc. used to fill or close an opening Plug a place (usually invisible) at which access to inner positions may be had Point of Entry minute depressions in the surface of the skin, as in the openings of the sweat glands pores treatments of a restorative nature performed after the embalming operation Post-embalming toward the rear or caudal end: toward the back: dorsal Posterior after death Postmortem any solid substance in the state of fine, loose particles as produced by crushing or grinding Powder a device used to blow powder onto a surface powder atomizer a device containing hairs or bristles set in a handle: used to apply and/or remove powder Powder brush a soft, circular pad for applying powder powder puff treatments of a restorative nature performed before the embalming operation pre-embalming three pigmentary hues: red, yellow, and blue, which can be combined to make all other hues Primary hue draws the skin of the forhead inferiorly procerus muscle a photograph or painting in which the subject has been posed and lighted flatteringly by a professional photographer or artist Professional portrait the side profile of the human head Profile projection of the jaw(s) beyond the projection of the forehead Prognathism the act of throwing forward: a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings Projection an artifical device used to replace a limb, appendage, or other body part Prosthetic device the relationships of the size of one feature as compared with another feature or with the width or length of the face Proportions the rounded, anterior projection of the tip of the nose Protruding lobe the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting Protrusion a hole or slight wound resulting from piercing Puncture a color between blue and red: a secondary hue of pigments Purple a suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position Purse string suture a secretion from inflamed tissues: usually an opaque, creamy colored matter pus a small elevation of the skin with the inflamed base, containing pus Pustule an apparently solid structure having a square base and four triangular sides which meet at a central point Pyramid energy traveling through space in the form of electromagnetic waves of various lengths Radiant energy to spread out from a common point Radiate the vertical portion of the mandible Ramus a dark, purplish-red color Raspberry a comb with a long, thin handle employed in curling hair rat-tail comb a darkened, air-dried area on the skin resulting from removal of the epidermis while shaving razor burn redistribution of massage cream or cosmetics to insure a uniform density reblend the withdrawal of a part from its normal position recession a four-sided figure having four right angles Rectangular to dimish in size, mass or projection Reduce the return of light waves from surfaces: the blending or folding back of a part upon itself Reflection to lay at rest Repose the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color Restorative art a nose which is turned up superiorly at its tip Retrousse the border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of a circular or curving form, as the rim of an eye socket rim (laughing muscle) the narrow superficial band of muscle which pull the angle of the mouth laterally Risorius Muscle the long, rod-shaped sensory bodies of the retina of the eye responsive to light but not color Rods of the eye the aquiline profile of the nose Roman the apex (top) of the pyramidal mass of the nose which lies directly inferior to the forehead: the concave dip inferior to the forehead (profile view) Root (infantine) a frontal head form in which the head exhibits maximum curvature Round an acronym for red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet ROYGBIV red complexion: having a healthy reddish color, said of the the complexion, more vivid then florid Ruddy a yellowish, sickly color of the complexion Sallow a visual aspect indicating the vividness of the hue in the degree of difference from a gray of the same lightness Saturation a crust over a healing sore or wound scab fossa between the inner and outer rims of the ear: the shallowest depression of the ear Scapha a bright red color inclining toward orange Scarlet a quick-drying liquid which leaves a hard, thin transparent coat or layer through which moisture cannot pass sealer to cauterize tissues by heat or chemical in order to provide a dry foundation sear(ing) those resulting in acute inflammation of the skin and blisters second degree burn equal mixture of two primary pigmentary hues (orange, green and purple) Secondary hue almost opaque: not transparent or translucent semi-opaque vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into two chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose septum notched on the edge like a saw Serrated to have been cut or broken apart: disjoined severed a hue into which various quantities of black are mixed: the darkened hue Shade surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light Shadow shine: as of the reflection of natural oils of the skin Sheen the growth of hair located anterior of the ears sideburns the lateral walls of the nose between the wings and the bridge sides of the nose fractured bone does not pierce the skin simple fracture to burn superficially as the hair which shows partial destruction from scorching heat Singe surface restorer Soft wax a substance (usually liquid) capable of, or used in, dissolving something Solvent a flat, blunt, kinfe_like instrument used for mixing cosmetics and modeling: a palette knife Spatula visible bands of color, the progressive arrangement of colors Spectrum an appliance as of wood, metal, etc.. used to keep in place or protect a displaced or movable part Splint a liquid cosmetic so compounded that it can be atomized to provide a means of application to a surface Spray cosmetic an elastic, porous mass of interlacing horny fibers which are permanently attached: used to absorb water sponge the vertical surface of the temporal bone Squama (strong) a frontal head form in which the head is broad and exhibits very little curvature: the angles of the mandible are usually low as well as wide Square to discolor with foreign matter: an area so discolored Stain any substances or agents which will cause an external discoloration to be removed or lessened Stain removers (cornstarch) used as a dusting powder and an absorbent: used to firm wax Starch a muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and to the sternum and clavical Sternocleidomastoideus Muscle a small, rounded, stiff brush, all bristles are the same length, used to simulate pores on wax: stencil brush Stipple brush (grecian) a nasal profile in which the dorsum exhibits a straight line from the root to the tip: the most common nasal profile Straight nasal profile situate or occurring beneath the skin Subcutaneous lowered in intensity or strength; reduced in fullness or color; muted Subdued describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible submandibular the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow; a natural facial marking submental sulcus method of diminishing the wave lengths of light by superimposing two or more color transparencies over the same light source subtractive method situated as a depression; concave sunken the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows Superciliary arches eyebrows Supercilium anatomically towards the head Superior the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid: an acquired facial marking superior palpebral sulcus region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae supraorbital margins (surface filler) a wax used to fill shallow depressions; which is sofer and more pliable then wound filler surface restorer restoration to a normal position or level through surgical excision surgical reduction a substance in which particles of ground pigments are mixed with a fluid but are undissolved suspension to provide support for; to hold in a fixed position sustain act of sewing; also the completed stitch suture a bit of cotton or cloth used for removing moisture or discharges from mucous membranes as well as for applying bleaches or liquid disinfectants Swab dark-colored complexion, as a face made swarthy by the tropical sun Swarthy correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face Symmetry a form which receded away from a given point; a form which becomes gradually smaller toward one end; to reduce gradually from the center taper inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone Temporal bones the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone Temporal cavity muscle of mastication which helps to close the mandible (the strongest chewing muscle) Temporalis muscles property of holding fast, adhesiveness tenacity limit; end; the part which terminates Termination/Terminal the hue which results from the mixture of two secondary pigmentary hues Tertiary hue a brush with a relatively large tuft of good quality, fine bristles, such as a black sable or finch Texturizing brush destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues; seared, charred or roasted tissue third degree burn in reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks three quarter view a hue into which various quantities of white are mixed Tint a powder which is lightly colored with non-moisture absorbing pigments Tinted powders the extremity of anything which tapers (eg. the tip of the nose) Tip a substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to normal level by hypodermic injection Tissue builder a hue mixed with either a small quantity of gray or the complement of the hue, resulting in a dulling the hue Tone a small wig or patch of false hair covering a bald spot; a hairpiece Toupee elevation protecting the ear passage (external auditory meatus) Tragus transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to eliminate perception of distinct image; somewhat transparent Translucent having the property of transmitting rays of light through its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen Transparent furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings transverse frontal sulci a physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence Trauma a frontal head form in which the face is wider between the angles of the mandible then it is at the forehead (least common geometric head form) Triangular depression between the crura of the ear; the second deepest depression of the ear Triangular fossa a spontaneous new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass Tumor in liquids, muddy with particles of extraneous matter, no clear or transparent Turbid invisible rays of the spectrum lying outside the violet end of the visible spectrum Ultraviolet a coloring (opaque) applied to an area which, when dry, will be covered with wax or another colorant Undercoat the angled cut of the borders of an excision, made so that the skin surface will overhang the deeper tissues Undercut a part which is, or will be, hidden from view Unexposed area the lightness or darkness of a hue Value changes in form, extent, etc; things somewhat different from another of the same kind Variations a material combined with pigments so they may be applied more easily Vehicle the top of the head Vertex perpendicular to the plane of the horizon, balanced Vertical one in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin protrudes more then the superior mucous membrane Vertical-concave profile one in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin recedes less then the superior mucous membrane Vertical-Convex profile (balanced) one in which the forehead, upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line Vertical profile the semi-fluid, transparent substance which lies between the retina and the lens of the eyeball Vitreous humor brilliance; intensely bright color(s) Vivid the degree of brilliance Vividity bone of the nasal cavity situate between the nasal passages on the median plane; forms inferior/posterior portion of the septum Vomer bone areas of the skin surface which, during life, are naturally reddened, cosmetics used to restore the warmth that the red gives Warm color areas a color which appears in the spectral band, characterized by long wave-lengths; a color which makes an object appear closer and larger Warm hue a restorative modeling or surfacing material composed of beeswax Wax the line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of each mucous membrane Weather line the aspect of physical heaviness associated with different colors Weight the color of pure snow White a ray of light which contains all the hues of the visible spectrum, in such proportion that the light appears colorless or natural White light the dimension of an object measured across from side to side Width lateral lobes of the nose Wings of the nose the length of wire employed to connect two structures which are undamaged such as remaining parts of a bone wire bridging (inversion, draw stitch) a method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening, whereby the suture becomes invisible Worm suture the processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face Zygomatic arch one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch Zygomatic arch depression small bones of the cheeks; widest part of the cheek Zygomatic bones the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and the process of the zygomatic bone Zygomaticofrontal process muscles of the face which draw the superior lip posteriorly, superiorly, and anteriorly Zygomaticus major muscles muscles of the face which draw the superior lip posteriorly and anteriorly Zygomaticus minor muscles