Answer The Following Classical Conditioning Questions In Psychology Flashcards

Psychologists define learning as the process of

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a(n)

In Pavlov's experiments, the sound of the tone triggered the dog's salivation. Salivation to the sound of a tone was a(n)

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

Because of the discomfort and embarrassment associated with his childhood bed-wetting, Andrew becomes nervous whenever he senses an urge to urinate. If genital arousal subsequently makes Andrew unusually anxious, this would best illustrate

After he was spanked on several occasions for spilling his milk at a restaurant, Colin became afraid to go to the restaurant. In this case, spanking was a(n) ________ for Colin's fear.

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called

Skinner developed a behavioral technology that included a procedure known as

A pigeon is consistently reinforced with food for pecking a key after seeing an image of a human face, but not reinforced for pecking after seeing other images. By signaling that a pecking response will be reinforced, the image of a human face is a(n)

Giving a hungry rat food for pressing a bar before the rat has a chance to engage in other incidental behaviors like running or scratching best illustrates

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

An executive in a computer software firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the five minutes before and while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

B. F. Skinner believed that teaching machines could promote effective learning because they allow for both

An organism learns associations between events it does not control during the process of

An integrated understanding of associative learning in terms of genetic predispositions, culturally learned preferences, and the predictability of certain associations is most clearly provided by

The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of

Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Because Yuri was curious about human behavior, he enrolled in an introductory psychology course. George registered because he heard it was an easy course that would boost his grade-point average. In this instance, Yuri's behavior was a reflection of ________, whereas George's behavior was a reflection of ________.

Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy. This best illustrates

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of

Children are especially likely to behave aggressively after viewing TV violence in which an attractive person commits

Most of the TV shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to