Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life span. |
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social |
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Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing |
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discrete age-linked stages. |
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During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n) |
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zygote and finally develops into a fetus. |
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A preference for our mother's voice over our father's voice has been detected as early as |
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the day after birth. |
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Alcohol may cause fetal damage by leaving chemical marks on DNA that switch genes abnormally on or off. This best illustrates |
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an epigenetic effect. |
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Infant visual preferences have been discovered by assessing infants' |
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habituation. |
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Maturation refers to |
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biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience. |
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The concept of maturation is most relevant to understanding the absence of |
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bladder control among 2-year-olds. |
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Three-year-olds who experienced a fire evacuation caused by a burning popcorn maker were unable to remember the cause of this vivid event when they were 10-year-olds. This best illustrates |
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infantile amnesia. |
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The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of |
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assimilation |
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Object permanence is the understanding that |
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things continue to exist even when they are not perceived. |
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The egocentrism of preschoolers was most strongly emphasized by |
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Piaget's cognitive development theory. |
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According to Piaget, imagining an action and mentally reversing it would be an example of a |
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mental operation. |
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Preschoolers' acquisition of a theory of mind suggests that Piaget overestimated young children's |
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egocentrism. |
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Children for whom amniotic fluid analysis indicated high prenatal testosterone develop more |
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autistic traits. |
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According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about events first develops during the ________ stage. |
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concrete operational |
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A critical period is a phase during which |
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exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development. |
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Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of |
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insecure attachment. |
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Evidence that easy, relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of |
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temperament. |
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In considering day-care opportunities for their four children, Mr. and Mrs. |
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secure attachment in their 6-month-old daughter, Julia. |
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Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be |
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authoritative. |
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An awareness of your distinctive status as an international student in a university far from your homeland best illustrates a sense of |
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social identity. |
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Persistent exclusion from peer social relationships is most likely to increase teens' risk for |
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depression |
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A cross-sectional study is one in which |
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different age groups are tested at the same time. |
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According to Erikson, adolescence is to identity as late adulthood is to |
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integrity |
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