The urinary system does all of the following, except that it
a) eliminates organic waste products.
b) contributes to stabilizing blood pH.
c) regulates blood volume.
d) excretes excess albumen molecules.
e) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes. |
|
d) excretes excess albumen molecules |
| |
|
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is |
|
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. |
| |
|
Typical renal blood flow is about ________ ml/min under resting conditions. |
|
1200 |
| |
|
The process of filtration occurs at |
|
the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. |
| |
|
Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include |
|
creatinine, penicillin, hydrogen and potassium ions, hydrogen and potassium ions, and penicillin |
| |
Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, except
a) increase the glomerular filtration rate.
b) trigger renin release.
c) produce renal ischemia.
d) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.
e) increase the glomerular filtration rate and trigger renin release. |
|
increase the glomerular filtration rate |
| |
Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures:
1) blood hydrostatic pressure
2) capsular hydrostatic pressure
3) capsular colloid osmotic pressure
4) blood colloid osmotic pressure
5) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure |
|
1, 2, and 4 are correct |
| |
|
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to |
|
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. |
| |
|
The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the ________. |
|
GFR or glomerular filtration rate |
| |
|
The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, they also assist in the regulation of |
|
blood pressure, blood ion levels, blood pH, and blood volume |
| |
|
The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are |
|
proteins, potassium, and phosphate |
| |
|
Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within |
|
the cells of the body |
| |
|
The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium, chloride, and ________. |
|
bicarbonate |
| |
|
Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion? |
|
aldosterone |
| |
|
The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to |
|
limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. |
| |
|
When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the |
|
kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions. |
| |
|
Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis? |
|
consequence of prolonged vomiting |
| |
|
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the |
|
efferent arteriole. |
| |
Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following, except
a) increased sensitivity to ADH.
b) a decline in the number of functional nephrons.
c) a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
d) problems with the micturition reflex.
e) loss of sphincter muscle tone. |
|
a) increased sensitivity to ADH. |
| |
Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree, except the ________ system.
a) respiratory
b) respiratory
c) urinary
d) integumentary
e) endocrine |
|
e) endocrine |
| |
