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The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue T or F? |
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True |
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The enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity but it action depends on the central nervous system T or F? |
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False |
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Odor, sight, and taste stimulate salivatory nuclei in the cerebral cortex T or F? |
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True |
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Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach T or F? |
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True |
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Gastric juice consists entirely of water and hydrochloric acid T or F? |
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False |
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Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomachT or F? |
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False |
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The liver is the body's largest gland T or F? |
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True |
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Both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum T or F? |
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True |
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The small intestine begins with the duodenum which is its longest segment T or F? |
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False |
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The brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells T or F? |
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False |
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Most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase T or F? |
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True |
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Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in the villus T or F? |
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True |
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The large intestine is longer than the small intestine T or F? |
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False |
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? is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside to the inside of the bodyA. ingestionB. compactionC. digestionD. absorptionE. secretion |
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D. absoption |
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The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestine from the abdominal wall are calledA. mesenteriesB. mucaosaeC. submucosaeD. muscularis mucosaeE. muscularis externa |
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A. mesenteries |
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free |
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free |
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These are all accessory organs of the digestive system EXCEPT A. tongueB. liverC. pancreasD. salivary glandsE. spleen |
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A. tongue |
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Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them in correct order from lumen to external surface?A. lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosaB. serosa, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externaC. mucisa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, lamina propriaD. mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosae, muscularis externa, lamina propriaE. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria, serosa |
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E. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria, serosa |
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Chemical digestion breaks down ? into ?A. proteins; nucleotidesB. amino acids; proteinsC. polysccharides; amino acidsD. nucleic acids; nucleotidesE. fatty acids; cholesterol |
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D. nucleic acids; nucleotides |
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The ? regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow, and its neurons are found in the ?A. autonomic nervous system; serosaB. central nervous system; muscularis externa and muscularis mucosaeC. enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externaD. visceral sensory division; muscularis externa and submucosaE. visceral motor division; mucosa and submucosa |
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C. enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa |
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These are normally found in saliva EXCEPTA. mucusB. lysozymeC. amylaseD. lipaseE. protease |
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E. protease |
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The ? gland is an extrinsic salivary gland, whereas the ? gland in and intrinsic salivary glandA. lingual; labialB. submandibular; lingualC. submandibular; sublingualD. sublingual; parotidE. lingual; sublingual |
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B. submandibular, lingual |
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The swallowing center is located in the A. mouthB. oropharynxC. esophagusD. medulla oblongataE. enteric nervous system |
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D. medulla oblongata |
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The buccal phase of swalloing is under ? control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is ?A. central nervous system; also controlled by the central nervous systemB. central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexesC. autonomic nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexesD. voluntary; also voluntaryE. involuntary; also involuntary |
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B. central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes |
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Acid reflux into the esophagus is normally prevented byA. pharyngeal constrictorsB. the upper esophageal sphincterC. the lower esophageal sphincterD. esophageal glandsE. pharyngeal and buccal sphincters |
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C. the lower esophageal sphincters |
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free |
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free |
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Hydrochloric acid is secreted by ? cellsA. mucousB. regenerative (stem)C. parietalD. chiefE. enteroendocrine |
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C. parietal |
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?, which is secreted by ? cells, is necessary for vitamin B12 absorptionA. intrinsic factor; parietalB. bile salts; chiefC. lecithin; hepaticD. hydrochloric acid; parietalE. enterokinase; mucous |
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A. intrinsic factor; parietal |
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Pepsinogen is produced by ? and is activated by ?
A. chief cells; carbonic anhydrase secreted by parietal cellsB. chief cells; hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cellsC. parietal cells; hydrochloric acid secreted by chief cellsD. parietal cells: carbonic anhydrase secreted by chief cellsE. enteroendocrine cells; carbonic anhydrase secreted by parietal cells |
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B. chief cells; hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cells |
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Why are several digestive enzymes secreted as zymogens?A. because this saves one step in their synthesisB. because gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for their synthesisC. so they start digesting intracellular proteins of the gastric cells more quicklyD. so they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteinsE. so they can start digesting dietary proteins more quickly |
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D. so they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins |
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The entertogastric reflex serves toA. relax the stomach in preparation for swallowed food.B. stimulate acid and enzyme secretion when food enters the stomachC. stimulate intestinal motility when there in food in the stomachD. inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestineE. relax the iloececal valve when chyme is on its way to the coloe |
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C. stimulate intestinal motility when there in food in the stomach |
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? is a hormone, whereas ? is an enzymeA. enterokinase; pepsinB. gastrin; secretinC. gastrin; cholecystokininD. gastric lipase; histamineE. secretin; pepsin |
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E. secretin pepsin |
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? is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretionsA. cephalic phaseB. gastric phaseC. intestinal phaseD. gastrointestinal phaseE. mesenteric phase |
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B. gastric phase |
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The organ that stores excess glucose and releases it later into the blood is theA. pancreasB. stomachC. liverD. spleenE. small intestine |
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A. pancreas |
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A hepatic (portal) triad consists of A. right, left, and common hepatic ductsB. common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile ductC. the hepatic portal vein and two hepatic ductsD. bile ductule, branch of hepatic artery, and branch of hepatic portal veinE. central vein, hepatic lobule, and hepatic sinusoid |
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D. bile ductule, branch of hepatic artery, and branch of hepatic portal vein |
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The ? synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing ?A. duodenum; neutral fatsB. ileum; bilirubinC. gallbladder; cholesterolD. pancreas; bile saltsE. liver; cholesterol |
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E. liver; cholesterol |
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Which of these is NOT a components of pancreatic juice?A. trypsinogenB. chymotrypsinogenC. deoxyribonucleaseD. sodium bicarbonatieE. enterokinase |
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E. enterokinase |
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Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?A. triglyceridesB. amino acidsC. glucoseD. mineralsE. water-soluble vitamins |
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B. amino acids |
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Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?A. salivary amylaseB. pancreatic amylaszeC. pepsinD. trypsinE. dipeptidase |
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E. dipeptidase |
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Which of these is the site of contact digestion?A. gastric pitsB. surface of the gastric mucosaC. intestinal cryptsD. brush border of the small intestineE. cytoplasm in the cells of the small intestine |
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D. brush border of the small intestine |
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The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with all these structures EXCEPTA. circular foldsB. intestinal lengthC. microvilliD. villiE. rugae |
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E. rugae |
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The migrating motor complexA. milks the chyme toward the colonB. allows a bolus to move down the esophagusC. churns and mixes residue in the descending colonD. churns and mixes a bolus with gastric juicesE. propels pancreatic juice down the pancreatic duct |
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A. milks the chyme toward the colon |
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The ? of the small intestine is/are similar to the ? of the stomachA. villi; pyloric glandB. rugae; peyer patchesC. intestinal crypts; gastric pitsD. goblet cells; parietal cellsE. pyloric sphincter; ileocecal valve |
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C. intestinal crypts; gastric pits |
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Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ?, whereas protein digestion begins in the ?A. liver; small intestineB. small intestine; stomachC. mouth; stomachD. mouth; small intestineE. stomach; small intestine |
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C. mouth; stomach |
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? break(s) down ?A. lactase; glucoseB. peptidases; proteinsC. lipases; micellesD. lactose; lactaseE. nucleases; nucleotides |
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E. nucleases; nucleotides |
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Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the ?, and fatty acids are absorbed in the ?A. small intestine; large intestineB. small intestine; liverC. stomach; small intestineD. stomach; large intestineE. small intestine; small intestine |
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E. small intestine; small intestine |
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Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by formingA. triglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerolB. low density lipoproteinsC. chylomicronsD. emulsification dropletsE. micelles |
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D. emulsification droplets |
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Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequenceA. pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidaseB. pepsin, trypsin, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidaseC. trpysin, pepsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidaseD. trypsin, pepsin, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidaseE. dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase, pepsin, trypsin |
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C. trpysin, pepsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase |
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? transport lipids to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells, which process them into?A. fat droplets; micellesB. fat droplets; chylomicronsC.micelles; fat globulesD. micelles; chylomicronsE. fat globules; micelles |
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C.micelles; fat globules |
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The three most abundant classes of nutrients areA. carbohydrates, proteins, and mineralsB. fats, proteins, and carbohydratesC. proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydratesD. triglycerides, starches, and proteinsE. proteins, fats, and minerals |
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B. fats, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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The muscle tone of the ? along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called ?A. circular folds; cecaB. taeniae coli; haustraC. haustra; taeniae coliD. internal sphincters; omental appendagesE. internal sphincters; ceca |
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C. haustra; taeniae coli |
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Bacterial flora carry out all of the following EXCEPTA. digest most of the proteins we get in the dietB. synthesize vitamin KC. produce some of the gases found in flatusD. digest celluloseE. form part of the feces |
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D. digest cellulose |
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Defecation is stimulated by A. the chemical composition of the fecesB. bacterial flora in the fecesC. water content in the fecesD. lipid content in the fecesE. stretching of the rectum |
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E. stretching of the rectum |
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