Define Terms For Innate Immune System Flashcards

susceptibility lack of resistance to a disease immuntiy ability to ward off a disease innate immunity defense against any pathogen adaptive immunity immunity resistance to a specific pathogen physical host defense factors of skin epidermis (tightly packed cells with kerotine - protective protein) physical host defense factors of mucous membrane ciliary escalator; microbes trapped in mucous transported away from lungs physical host defense factors of lacrimal apparatus washes eye physical host defense factors of saliva, urine, vaginal secretions washes microbes off host chemical defense factors of fungistatic fatty acid in sebum host chemical defense factors of lysozyme antibacterial enzyme in: sweat, tears, saliva, and tissue fluids host chemical defense factors of gastric juice and skin it has a low pH host chemical defense factors of transferrins bind to iron that impedes bacterial survival host chemical defense factors of normal micorbiota compete with pathogens differential white cell count percentage of each type of white cell in a sample of 100 WBC's leukocytes WBC: neutophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes neutrophils phagocytes basophils produce histamines eosinophils toxic to paracites also responsible for allergies dendritic cells initiates adaptive immune response monocytes phagocytic as a mature macrophage lymphocytes involved in specific immunity Inflammation redness pain heat swelling (edema) Acute phase proteins are activated proteins like complement (pokes holes), cytokines and kinins which attract WBC's vasodilation histamine causes blood vessels to dialate leaking WBC making redness and swelling When fever present G- endotoxin causes phagocytes to release IL-1, hypothalamus releases prostaglandins to reset hypothalamus to higher temp. Bodys temp increases. When IL-1 eliminated, temp falls (crisis). fever advantages too warm for some pathogens, innactivates some toxins, enhances immune responsemakes you feel ill and want to rest disadvantages to fever tachycardia, acidosis, dehydration The compliment system serum proteins activated in a cascade opsonization or immune adherence cell coated with proteins cause enhanced phagocytosis (adds handles) membrane attack complex forms cytolysis (process of making the hole) of bacterial cells compliment proteins attract phagocytes Alpha & Beta IFNs (interferons) cause cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication Innate immunity defense against any pathogen adaptive immunity is specific antibody and lymphocytes to an antigen developed over a lifetime lymphatic system returns tissue fluid to cirrculation which is the "home" for the immune system Antigen is a substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies (for in fluid) or sensitized T cells ( for inside the cell). Antibody is protiens made in response to an antigen, can combine with the Ag Compliment serum proteins that bind to Ab in an Ag-Ab reaction; causes cell lysis hummoral immuntiy involves antibodies (produced by B cells) that attack microbes in body fluids B cells recognizes Ag by Ab on their surfaces (*only B cells make Ab) Cell-mediated immunity involves T cell that attack microbes within body cells: kills the entire infected host cell serology the study of reactions between Ab and Ag globulins serum(blood) protein immunoglobulins aka Ab IgG Ab most common, enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes toxins and viruses IgM Ab agglutinates microbes, 1st Ab produced in response to an infection IgA Ab mucosal protection IgD Ab innate immune response IgE Ab allergic reactions, lysis of parasitic worms Ag presenting cells macrophage pathogen, places it on surface (bound by MHC - "self" marker protein) and presents it as a self marker Humoral response activation of B cells antibody diversity countless random variations of Ab clonal selection Ag binds to one of the countless random variations of Ab clonal expansion causes a specific B cell to multiply plasma cells is an Ab that secrets B clones to fight current infection memory cells are B clones stored in lymph tissue for future infections T-independant Ag do NOT require a T helper cell to activate B cells, polysaccharide weak response T-dependant Ag DO require T helper cells to activate B cells, protein strong response Result of Ag-Ab binding - neutralization of toxin prevents binding to cell receptors, encourages phagocytosis Result of Ag-Ab binding - opsonization (coating) of bacteria prevents binding to tissues, encourages phagocytosis Result of Ag-Ab binding - agglutination / immune complex formation IgM clumps bacteria, prevents spread, encourages phagocytosis T-helper cells are activated to reproduce when presented Ag, also activated TH memory cells, activates B-cells cytotoxic T cells activated to produce when presented antigen by a microphage natural killer cells destroy other cells cytokines a way for immune system cells to communicate immunologic memory B and T memory cells stored in lymph tissues naturally acquired ACTIVE immunity resulting from infection naturally acquired PASSIVE immunity transplacental or via colostrum artificially acquired ACTIVE immunity injection of antigens (vaccination) artificially acquired PASSIVE immuntiy injection of antibodies vaccine substance containing Ag inactivated whole agent killed organisms attenuated whole agent live, weakend microbes - most closely mimics actual infection subunit contains antigenic fragments recombinant Ag produced by engineered bacteria subunit recombinant vaccines safest no whole microbes conjugated vaccine stronger immune response to polysaccharide Ag in children toxoid inactive form of toxin monoclonal antibodies (MABS) single type of purified Ab, mass produced, fused WBC/cancer cells, used to detect almost any kind of chemical serology immunocological testing direct test uses Ab to detect Ag in patients sample indirect test uses Ag to detect Ab in patients serum precipitation reaction involve soluble Ag with Ab. agglutinated complex visible precipitates in a + test agglutination reaction invole participate Ag and Ab (blood type testing) if Ab titer increases body is fighting an infection Ab titer concentration of Ab viral hemagglutination involvees agglutination of RBC viral hemagglutination inhibtion Ab bind to virus preventing hemagglutination, reveals presence of Ab tagged antibody assay detects low concentration of Ag/Ab using tag flourescent Ab techniques attach flourescent dye to Ab, specific Ag "glow" under UV light ELISA enzymethat causes media to change color attached to Ab, color change = positive test