Meiosis 2 Quiz

91. Meiosis is a process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the new cells to half the number in the original cell.

91. The purpose of meiosis is to form gametes with the haploid number of chromosomes.

91. The first major difference between meiosis and mitosis is that cells undergoing mitosis and the cells undergoing meiosis are that those undergoing meiosis divide twice.

91. meiosis can be summarized as follows: you start with one cell and end up with 4 haploid cells that are not necessarily genetically identical to each other.

91. The 3 events that occur in prophase I of meiosis that also occur in prophase in mitosis are that the chromatin coils up and becomes chromosomes, the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear, and the spindle begins to form.

91. A tetrad is homologous chromosomes of a pair that move toward each other and line up side by side.

91. the chromatids of the homologous pair twist around each other.

91. Crossing over causes an exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes resulting in cenetic recombination to occur.

91. Crossing over leads to genetic variation between all gamete that are produced.

91. the spindle fibers from one pole attach to the centromere of one homologous chromosome and spindle fibers from the other pole attach to the centromere of the other homologous pair of the chromosome.

91. Independent assortment is the randomness with which the tetrads line up and separate.

91. the daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis have only one chromosome of each homologous pair and are considered haploid.

91. In metaphase II of meiosis the chromosomes line up along the equator and one spindle fiber from one pole attaches to the centromere of one chromatid and another spindle fiber from the other pole attaches to the centromere of the other chromatid.

91. In anaphase II the chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

91. In telophase II and cytokinesis II of meiosis, chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin so the DNA can be read and proteins made, the spindle breaks down, the nucleolus reappars and a new nuclear membrane forms, cytokinesis separates the cytoplasm resulting in 4 haploid cells.

117. In spermatogenisis diploid cells within the testes undergo meiosis and produce cells called spermatids.

117. In oogenesis, dipoild cells in the ovaries undergo meiosis and produce 4 haploid cells.

117. The division of the cytoplasm determines the number of functional gametes procuded because the cytoplasm divides unequally and most of the cytoplasm goes to one cell.

117. The ootid develops into the mature ovum.

117. The egg needs the extra cytoplasm to meet its nutritional needs in case it is fertilized.

117. Reproduction is the process by which organisms make offspring of their own kind.

117. Asexual reproduction is the making of offspring without the union of special sex cells.

117. In asexual reproduction, the offspring comes from one parent.

117. The offspring that result form asexual reproduction compares to the parent because the offspring is genetically identical to the parent.

Vegetative propagation, is asexual reproduction in plants and an example is planting potato eyes, rooting systems and leaves, and runners on strawberry.

117. Sexual reproduction is the making of offspring through meiosis and the union of special sex cells called gametes.

117. The gametes involved in sexual reproduction and where each comes from are sperm which comes from the male and eggs from the female.

117. Fertilization is when the gametes are haploid in chromosome number but the diploid number is restored during the fusion of the 2 gametes when the sperm combines with the egg forming a zygote.

117. A zygote is the fusion of the 2 gametes when the sperm combines with the egg.

117. The type of advantage that sexually reproducing organism have over asexually reproducing is that it enables species to adapt rapidly to new conditions since some members may have a genetic difference that allows them to survive this change better than other members of species.