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1.
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bilirubin
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Orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile
Bilirubin is formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red bllod cells after termination of their normal lifepsn
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2.
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bolus
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Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed
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3.
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exocrine
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Denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
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4.
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sphincter
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Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
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5.
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or/o
stomat/o
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mouth
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6.
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gloss/o
lingu/o
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tongue
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7.
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bucc/o
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cheek
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8.
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cheil/o
labi/o
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lip
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9.
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dent/o
odont/o
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teeth
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10.
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gingiv/o
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gums
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11.
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sial/o
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saliva, salivary gland
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12.
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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13.
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pharyng/o
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pharynx (throat)
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14.
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gastr/o
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stomach
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15.
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pylor/o
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pylorus
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16.
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douden/o
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doudenum (first part of small intestine)
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17.
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enter/o
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intestine (usually small intestine)
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18.
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jejun/o
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jejunum (second part of the small intestine)
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19.
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ile/o
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ileum
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20.
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append/o
appendic/o
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appendix
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21.
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col/o
colon/o
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colon
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22.
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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23.
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rect/o
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rectum
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24.
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proct/o
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anus, rectum
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25.
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an/o
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anus
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26.
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hepat/o
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liver
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27.
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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28.
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cholangi/o
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bile vessel
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29.
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chol/e
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bile, gall
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30.
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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31.
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choledoch/o
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bile duct
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32.
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-emesis
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vomit
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33.
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-iasis
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abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
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34.
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-megaly
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enlargement
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35.
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-orexia
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appetite
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36.
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-pepsia
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digestion
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37.
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-phagia
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swallowing, eating
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38.
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-prandial
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meal
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39.
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-rrhea
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discharge, flow
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40.
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dia-
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through, across
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41.
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peri-
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around
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42.
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sub-
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under, below
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43.
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anorexia
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Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
not to be confused with anorexia nervosa the eating disorder
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44.
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appendicitis
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Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection
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45.
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ascites
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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46.
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borborygmus
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Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
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47.
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cachexia
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Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer
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48.
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cholelithiasis
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Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
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49.
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cirrhosis
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Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
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50.
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colic
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Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
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51.
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Crohn disease
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Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum,but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis
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52.
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deglutition
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Act of swallowing
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53.
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dysentery
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Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea
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54.
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dyspepsia
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epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion
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55.
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dysphagia
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Inability or difficulty in swallowing
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56.
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eructation
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producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called bleching
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57.
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fecalith
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fecal concretion
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58.
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flatus
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gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
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59.
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
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60.
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halitosis
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bad breath
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61.
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hematemesis
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vomiting of from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
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62.
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
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symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined
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63.
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malabsorption syndrome
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symptom complex of the small intestinesti characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
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64.
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melena
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passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
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65.
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obesity
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excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body,s skeletal and physical standards
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66.
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obstipation
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severe constipation;may be caused by intestinal obstruction
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67.
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oral leukoplakia
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formation of white spots on the mucous membrane of the tongue, cheeck or lip caused by irritation
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68.
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peristalsis
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progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hallow tubes of the bdy
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69.
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pyloric stenosis
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stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
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70.
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regurgitation
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backwards flowing, as in the return of soilds or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
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71.
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steatorrhea
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passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to faliure to digest an absorb it
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72.
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endoscopy
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visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope
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73.
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hepatitis panel
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panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus, HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each antigens
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74.
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liver function tests (LFTs)
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group of blood test that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract
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75.
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serum bilirubin
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measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
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76.
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stool culture
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test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces
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77.
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stool guaiac
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applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of hidden blood
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78.
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barium enema
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radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following a barium sulfate enema
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79.
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barium swallow
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radiographic examination of esophagus, stomach, and small inteatines following oral adminastration of barium sulfate
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80.
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chol/e/cyst/o/graphy
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radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine
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81.
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computed tomography (CT)
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imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
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82.
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end/o/scopic retrgrade chol/angi/o/pancreat/o/graphy (ERCP)
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endoscopic procedure that provides radiograpic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors
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83.
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCP)
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radiographic examination of bile duct structures
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84.
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sialography
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radiographic examination of the salivary glands an ducts
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85.
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ultrasonography
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test that uses high-frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video screen
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86.
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liver biopsy
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use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination
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87.
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nasogastric intubation
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procedure that involes insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to remove or instill substances
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88.
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anastomosis
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surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from one two another
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89.
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bariatric surgery
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group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue
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90.
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vertical banded gastroplasty
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upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption
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91.
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colostomy
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creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
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92.
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lithotripsy
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procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shook waves
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93.
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polypectomy
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excision of a polyp
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94.
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pyloromyotomy
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incision of the pylorus sphincter
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95.
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calcium carbonate
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antacids -- counteract or neutralize acidity usually in the stomach
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96.
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loperamide
kaolin/pectin
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antidiarrheals -- control loose stools and relieve diarrhea b absorbing water in the bowel
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97.
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prochlorperazine
trimethobenzamide
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antiemetics --control nausea and vommiting by blocking nerve impluses to the vommiting center of the brain
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98.
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glycopyrrolate
propantheline
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antispasmodics -- decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis through the GI tract
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99.
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senna, sennosides
psyllium
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treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity increasing water, induces defecation
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100.
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ABC
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aspiration biopsy cytology
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101.
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alk phos
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alkaline phosphatase
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102.
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ALT
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alanine aminotransferase
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103.
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AST
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angiotensin senstivity
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104.
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Ba
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barium
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105.
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BaE, BE
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barium enema
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106.
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BM
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bowel movement
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107.
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BMI
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body mass index
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108.
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CF
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cystic fibrosis
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109.
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CT
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computed tomography
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110.
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EGD
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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111.
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ERCP
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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112.
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GB
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gallbladder
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113.
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GBS
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gallbladder series
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114.
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GER
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gastroesophageal reflux
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115.
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GERD
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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116.
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GI
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gastrointestinal
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117.
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HAV
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Hep A virus
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118.
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HBV
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Hep B virus
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119.
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HCV
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Hep C virus
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120.
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HDV
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Hep D virus
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121.
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HEV
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Hep E virus
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122.
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IBS
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irritable bowel syndrome
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123.
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LFT
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liver function test
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124.
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NG
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nasogastric
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125.
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PE
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physical examination
pulmonary embolism
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126.
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PTHC
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
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127.
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stat, STAT
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immediately
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128.
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PMH
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past medical history
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129.
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PUD
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peptic ulcer disease
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130.
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RGB
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roux-en-Y gastric bypass
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131.
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R/O
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rule out
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132.
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chol/e/doch/o/plasty
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surgical repair of the common bile duct
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133.
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stomat/o/plasty
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surgical repair of the mouth
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134.
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intubation
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the insertion of a tube into a hollow organ
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135.
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chol/e/lith/iasis
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presence or formation of gallstones
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136.
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hemat/emesis
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vomitting of blood
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137.
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obstipation
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severe obstruction to the normal flow of feces through the bowel
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138.
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chol/e/doch/o/rrhaphy
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suture repair of the common bile duct
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139.
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chol/e/doch/o/plasty
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surgical repair of the common bile duct
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140.
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gingiv/ectomy
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excision of diseased gingival tissue
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141.
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gloss/ectomy
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surgical excision of the tonuge
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142.
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gastr/o/jenjun/o/stomy
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a connection, usually surgically, between stomach and jenjunum
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