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1.
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mating behavior
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all events surrounding insemination of female ny the male and production of offspring
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2.
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fitness
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based on reproductive success
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3.
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behaviors include
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mate location, pair formation, courtship, copulation, insemination, fertilization, oviposition
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4.
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mate location/pair formation
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systems evolve to bring the sexes together. use specific cues, hill-topping behavior, swarming behavior
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5.
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natural selection
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differential reproduction due to differences in survival
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6.
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sexual selection
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differential reproduction within a sex due to differences in competition or selection of mates
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7.
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basic male strategy
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mate as often as possible
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8.
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female strategy
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should be more selective. creates competition between males and for males to entice females to mate
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9.
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courtship behaviors
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1 facilitate initial pair formation 2 aid in species and sex identification 3 stimulate and maneuver female to copulation
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10.
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intrasexual selection
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competition between males, male male combat
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11.
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indirect insemination
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female uptakes spermatophore, pairing behavior. collembola and thysanura
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12.
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male system
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accessory glands produce seminal fluid and proteinaceous secretions for the formation of a spermatophore
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13.
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secretions affect female by
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1 stimulating oviposition 2 accelerating oocyte maturation 3 stimulating contraction of genital duct to aid in sperm mvmt 4 inhibit additional matings
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14.
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spermatophore
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sperm packet produced by the male; provides nutrients for female in some species
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15.
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female system
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accessory glands may have several functions from the secretion of adhesive materials to formation of an ootheca
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16.
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sperm competition
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in the fertilization of eggs, dominant factor in evolution of mating behaviors, expect evolution of traits to ensure paternity
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17.
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sperm precedence
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typically sperm of last male to mate fertilizes a female's eggs
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18.
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sperm displacement
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replacement of sperm recieved from previous matings
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19.
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mate guarding
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behavior to ensure paternity
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20.
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accessory genital organs of odonata
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males organ on 2nd and 3rd abdominal segment used for transfer of sperm to female. appendages on 10th used to clasp female during copulation
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21.
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traumatic insemination
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males in bedbug family inseminate females by piercing the abdomen piercing abdomen at a specialized site, injected semen into body
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22.
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oviposition
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1 general attraction to some particular area 2 selection of egg lay site, based on specially consructed nest
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23.
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parasitoid
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insect that lives on or in an insect in immature stages. only larval stages parasitic, larvae kill host, larvae large in relation to host
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24.
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endoparasitoids
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need to overcome host immune responses. defense-hemocytes surround and kill larva. some parasitoids evade destroy or supress immune response
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25.
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polyembryony
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form of asexual multiplication where developing eggs divide mitotically to make several embryos. parasitoids
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26.
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superparasitoidism
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host recieves multiple eggs, numerous parasitoid larvae start to develop in single host, not all survive
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27.
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hyperparasitoid
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insect parsitoid attacks another parasitoid 2ndary, tertiary
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28.
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parental care
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most provide no care, some guard eggs and offspring for a period of time after emergence
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29.
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parthogenesis
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production of offspring from unfertilized eggs. obligatory-eggs always do this; facultative-can do either based on conditions
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30.
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arrhenotoky
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males produced without fertilization, haploid diploid situation, common in hymenoptera
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31.
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thelytoky
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only females are produced
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32.
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apomictic parthenogenesis
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no reduction division in egg formation, females identical to mother (aphids)
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33.
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automictic parthenogenesis
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normal meiotic division in egg formation, followed by fusion of nuclei so diploid number restored (phasmids, coccids)
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34.
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deuterotoky
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unfertilized eggs may develop into either sex
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