Humanities Final Exam

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bayeux tapestry

depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England as well as the events of the invasion itself. The Bayeux Tapestry is annotated in the Latin language. It is exhibited in a special museum in Bayeux, Normandy, France, with a Victorian era-replica in Reading, Berkshire, England.

Byzantine style emperor Justinian; Byzatine architects favored the Greek cross plan by which all four arms of the structure were of equal length; the octagonal church of San Vitale,walls of which are embellished with polychrome marble carved alabaster columns and some of the magnificent mosaics in the history of the world,iconography of the Justinian representation illustrates the bond between the Church and state that characterized Byzatine history

Italian Renaissance style

-Remarkable achievement in arts & creativity

-Built upon classical styles & principles

-Classical humanism + Christianity

-Optimism, individualism, practicality

- Art was an original effort to reinterpret Greco-Roman themes and principles

Brunelleschi his dome consists of two octagonal shells..incorporates eight curved panels joined by massive ribs that soar upward from the octagonal drum; elegant lantern through which light enters the interior…known as a great feat of engineering ..unknown and unimaginable among the ancients. The dome became a
Linear, one point perspective:

an ingenious tool for the tranlation of three dimensional space into a two dimensional surface

genre painting art depicting scenes from everyday life
Fresco: a method of painting walls or ceiling surfaces with fresh moist lime plaster
Da Vinci

: known as a Renaissance man as he was very well rounded an versed in various aspects of the time such as science, obviously art, math, music, and inventions

Famous art pieces: Mona Lisa [lifelikeness oil on panel, located in nature instead of interior, demonstrates sfumato technique] and the Last Supper[fused narrative and symbolic content, fresco, linear perspective]

Raphael

known for his accuracy and incisiveness

Famous art pieces: The Alba Madonna or Madonna and Child and the School of Athens [came to epitomize spatial clarity, decorum, balance, unity of design, and grace]

Michaelangelo

architect, poet,painter, and engineer; overthrew many traditional constraints, minimizing setting and symbolic details and maximizing the grandeur of figures that seem superhuman in spirit and size

Famous pieces: David[ carved from a giant block of Carrara marble something no one had done before...regarded as a symbol of Florentine vigilance] and the creation of Adam

Ghiberti

: early Renaissance sculpture and metal working

Famous pieces: Florentine Baptistry Doors: “Gates of Paradise” (1401)

Donatello

: Early Renaissance sculptor

Famous pieces : David [Bronze full round statue: Pagan & Christian elements,youthful, pre-pubescent,Venetian hat,Contraposso stance]

Botticelli

Famous Pieces:La Primavera (Birth of Venus) 1482

Northern Renaissance style

Not as oriented to classicism & Christianity

-intense visual realism”

-Western Christianity permanently fractured into Roman Catholic & Protestant groups

-European Reformation became social & political reform movement

-Themes of folly and satire found in art & lit

Van Eyck

: perfected the art of oil painting; realism…religious manuscripts and panel paintings Famous pieces: Marriage of Giovanni Aronlfini and his Bride [immediacy]

Bosch

: detailed the fallability of mankind, its moral struggle and its apocalyptic destiny as oppose to Rapheal and Michael angelo who elevated the natural nobility of the individual

Famous pieces: Garden of Earthly Delights [3 panels first is God creating Adam and Eve the middle one depicts a scene of debotchery and the lasr shows Hell/damnation

Brueghel the Elder

concerned with human folly; concerned with the happenings of

Famous pieces: Blind leading the blind

Gothic Cathedral style

3 elements: pointed arch, ribbed vault, stained glass

Baroque style


-Extravagant ornamental decoration” (Fiero)

Bernini


Famous pieces: David fig10.6, Ecstasy of St. Teresa Fig. 10.1

Vermeer

light and color; realism; landscape

Famous pieces:The Milk Maid Fig. 10.14

Rembrandt

: landscape & religious themes; premier portraitist

Famous pieces: Self Portrait as Saint Paul Fig. 10.16

Rubens Italy, England, France Rape of Daughters of Leucippus
Romanesque cathedral style

-Round arches and barrel vaults

-Massive stone structures -Saint-Sernin, Toulouse France (Fiero 160-161