Answer These Bone Tissues Terms Flashcards

Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid? osteoclasts The medullary cavity of a child's bone may contain: red bone marrow The long bones of the limbs grow in length by cell proliferation and hypertrophy in: the metaphysis Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to monocytes The walls between cartilage lucunae break down in the zone of: bone deposition Which of these does not promote bone deposition? (dietary calcium, Vit D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, testosterone) parathyroid hormone A child jumps to the ground from the top of a playground "jungle Gym." His leg bones do not shatter mainly b/c they contain: collagen fibers One long bone meets another at its: epiphysis Calcitriol is made from: 7-dehydrocholesterol One sign of osteoporosis is: kyphosis Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral called __________. hydroxyapatite Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ________ in the bone matrix. canaliculi A bone increases in diameter only by _______ growth, the addition of new surface lamellae. appositional Most conpact bone is organized in cylindrical units called _______ , composed of lamellae encircling a central canal. osteons The _____ glands secrete a hormone that stimulates cells to resorb bone and return its minerals to the blood. parathyroid The ends of a bone are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called the _____. articular cartilage The cells that deposit new bone matrix are called _________. osteoblasts The most common bone disease is ______. osteoporosis The transitional region btw. epiphyseal cartilage & the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called the ________. metaphysis The cranial bones develop from a flat sheet of condensed mesenchyme in a process called _________. intramembranous ossification The most common bone disorder is _________. osteoporosis The growth zone is the ________. epiphyseal plate Osteoclasts develop from stem cells relating to __________. monocytes The protein of the bone matrix is _______. collagen Only the ___________ is hemopoietic. red blood marrow The vertebral bodies are derived from the _________. sclerotomes Adults have _________ bones than children do. fewer The _______________ of the temporal bone and maxilla also contribute to the arch. zygomatic process The _______________ lies loosely against most of the cranium. dura mater Lumbar vertebrae have _______________, but not transverse costal facets. transverse processes Each hand and foot has how many phalanges? 14 The upper limb is attached to the _____________. glenohumeral joint The arm contains only the ___________, but the leg contains the ________ and _______. humerus tibia, fibula The most frequently broken bone is the ________. clavicle The ___________ is the opening in the floor of the greater pelvis leading into the lesser pelvis. pelvic inlet Directionally: The diaphram is ________ to the lungs inferior How many organs are contained btw. the parietal and visceral pleurae? None Where is the liver located? In the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions What lines the abdominal cavity and external surfaces of the stomach? peritoneum Where is the sigmoid colon located? in the lower left quadrant How much protein does the plasma membrane contain? 1%-10% Osmosis is a case of __________. simple diffusion The noncellular components of tissue include ________ and ________. ground substance and fibers Macrophages develop from _________. monocytes What is it called when one mature tissue type transforms into another? metaplasia What is it called when one listens to the sounds of the body? Auscultation What method is concerned with all aspects of medical imaging? Radiology Nearly every cell contains many ________. oraganelles _____________ was a textile merchant by trade. Leeuwenhoek ______________ was probably an adaptation to the arboreal habitat. Stereoscopic vision Which of these is not a paranasal sinus? (frontal, temporal, shenoid, ethmoid, maxillary) temporal Which of these is a facial bone? (frontal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, lacrimal) lacrimal What occupies the transverse foramina seen in certain vertebrae? vertebral arteries All of the following groups of vertebrae except ______, which is a spinal curvature. (thoracic, cervical, lumbar, pelvic, sacral) pelvic Thoracic vertebrae do not have... (transverse foramina, costal facets, transverse costal facets, transverse processes, pedicles) transverse foramina Which of theese bones forms by intramembranous ossification? (vertebrae, pariteal bone, occipital bone, sternum, rib) parietal bone The viscerocranium includes the ________. maxilla Which of these is not a suture? (parietal, coronal, lambdoid, sagittal, squamous) parietal The sella turcica contains the ___________. pituitary gland The nasal septum is composed partly of the same bone as the ______. cribriform plate Gaps btw. the cranial bones of an infant are called ___________. fontanels The external acoustic meatus is an opening in the _________ bone. temporal Bones of the skull are joined along lines called _________. sutures The ______ bone has greater and lesser wings and protects the pituitary. sphenoid A herniated disc occurs when a ring called the ___________ cracks. anulus fibrosus The transverse ligament of the atlas holds the ________ of the axis in place. dens The sacroiliac joint is formed where the ________ surface of the sacrum articulates with that of the ilium. auricular We have five pairs of ________ ribs and two pairs of _______ ribs. false, floating Ribs 1 and 10 are joined to the sternum by way of strips of connective tissue called _____________. costal cartilage The point at the inferior end of the sternum is the __________. xiphoid process The hip bone is attached to the axial skeleton through its _________. auricular surface Which of these bones supports the most body weight? (ilium, pubis, femur, tibia, talus) talus Which can be most easily palpated on a living person? (deltoid tuberosity, gr8ter sciatic notch, medial malleolus, coracoid process, glenoid cavity) the medial malleolus Compared to the male pelvis, the pelvis of a female ___________. has a rounder pelvic inlet The lateral and medial malleoli are most similar to ____________. the radial and ulnar styloid processes When you rest your hands on your hips, you are resting them on the _________. Iliac crests The disc-shaped head of the radius articulates with the _______ of the humerus. capitulum All of the following are carpal bones except the ______, which is a tarsal bone. (trapezium, cuboid, traezoid, triquetrum, pisiform) cuboid The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the _________. ischium Which of these is the bone if the heel? (cuboid, calcaneus, navicular, trochlear, talus) calcanues The Latin anatomical name for the thumb is _______, and the name for the great toe is _______. pollex, hallux The acromion and coracoid process are parts of what bone? scapula How many phalanges, total, does the human body have? 56 The bony prominences on each side of your elbow are the lateral and medial _______ of the humerus. epicondyles One of the wrist bones, the ________, is characterized by a prominent hook. hamate The fibrocartilage pad that holds the pelvic girdle together anteriorly is called the _______. interpubic disc The leg proper, btw. the knee and ankle, is called the _____ region. crural The _______ processes of the radius and ulna form bony protuberances on each side of the wrist. styloid Two massive protuberances unique to the proximal end of the femur are the greater and lesser _________. trochanters The ______ arch of the foot extends from the heel to the great toe. medial longitudinal Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called _________. gross anatomy What technique requires an injection of radioisotopes into a patient's bloodstream? PET scan The simplest structures considered to be alive are ________. cells Who revolutionized the teaching of gross anatomy? Vesalius What characteristics do humans share with all other chordates? notochord, tail extending beyond anus, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal arches Who argued that all living organisms are composed of cells? Schwann A person's blood sugar level rises & insulin is secreted. This stimulates cells to absorb glucose & thus brings the glucose level back to normal. Ex.? homeostasis The word root 'histo-' means? tissue The word root 'patho-' means? disease The prefix 'hetero-' means? different Cutting and separating tissues to reveal their structural relationships is called _____. dissection ______ invented many components of the compund microscope and named the cell. Robert Hooke The term for all chemical change in the body is _______. metabolism Most physiology serves the purpose of ______, maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. homeostasis ______ is a science that doesn;t merely describe bodily structure but interprets structure in terms of its function. functional morphology When a Dr. presses on the upper abdomen to feel the size and texture of the liver, he/she is using a technique called _______. palpation ______ is a method of medical imaging that uses X-rays and a computer to generate images of thin slices of the body. computed tomography A/an _____ is the simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissue. organ Depth perception, or the ability to form 3-D images, is called __________ vision. stereoscopic Our hands are said to be _____ b/c they can encircle an object such as a branch or tool. Presence of a/an _____ thumb is important to this ability. prehensile, opposable Which of the following is not an essential part of anatomical position? (eyes forward, feet flat, forearms supine, mouth closed, arms down to sides) mouth closed A ring-shaped section of the small intestine would be a _____ section. transverse Directionally: The tarsal region is ______ to the popliteal region. distal Directionally: The greater omentum is ____ to the small intestine. superficial A _____ line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis. misagittal The _______ region is immediately medial to the coxal region. inguinal Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb? (plantar, carpal, antecubital, brachial, palmar) plantar Which of these organs is intraperitoneal? (urinary bladder, kidneys, heart, small intestine, brain) small intestine In which area do you think pain from the gallbladder would be felt? right upper quadrant Which of the following is not an organ system? (muscular, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, immune immune system The forearm is said to be ____ when the palms are facing forward. supinated The more superficial layer of the pleura is called the _____ pleura. parietal The right and left pleural cavities are separated by a thick region called the _____. mediastinum The back of the head is called the _____ region, and the back of the neck is the ______ region. occipital, nuchal The manus is more commonly known as the ______, and the pes is more commonly known as the ______. hand, foot The cranial cavity is lined by membranes called the ______. meninges Abdominal organs that lie against the posterior abdominal wall & covered with peritoneum only on the anterior side have a/an ______ position. retroperitoneal Directionally: The sternal region is ______ to the pectoral region. medial The pelvic cavity can be described as ______ to the abdominal cavity in position. inferior The anterior pit of the elbow is the ______ region, and the corresponding (but posterior) pit of the knee is the ____ fossa. cubital, popliteal The clear, structureless gel in a cell is its cytosol New nuclei form and a cell pinches in two during which phase? telophase The amount of ____ in a plasma membrane affects its stiffness versus fluidity. cholesterol Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the ECF are likely to show and abundance of microvilli Osmosis is a special case of simple diffusion Embryonic stem cells are best described as pluripotent "having more than one potential outcome" The amount of DNA in a cell doubles during which phase? the S phase Fusion of a secretory vesicle w/the plasma membrane & release of the vesicle's contents is exocytosis Most cellular membranes are made by the endoplasmic reticulum Matter can leave a cell by any of the following means except: (active transport, pinocytosis, facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion, exocytosis) pinocytosis Most human cells are 10 to 15 ______ wide. micrometers When a hormone cannot enter a cell, it binds to a _____ at the cell surface. receptor _______ are channels in the plasma membrane that open or close in response to various stimuli. gates Most ATP is produced by organelles called _______. mitochondria Leakage btw. cells is restricted by intracellular junctions called ________. tight junctions Thin scaly cells are described by the term squamous Two human organelles that are surrounded by a double unit membrane are the _____ & _____. squamous mitochondrion, nuclear envelop Liver cells can detoxify alcohol with two organelles, the _____ & _____. peroxisomes, smooth ER Cells adhere to each other and to extracellular material by means of membrane proteins called ______. cell-adhesion molecules A macrophage would use the process of _______ to engulf a dying tissue cell. phagocytosis Transitional epithelium is found in which system? urinary system The external surface of the stomach is covered by a serosa "lines and encloses contents" The interior of the respiratory tract is lined with a mucosa A seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with ______ epithelium. stratified cuboidal When the blood supply to a tissue is cut off, the tissue is most likely to undergo necrosis "premature or unnatural death of cells and living tissue" A fixative serves to stop tissue decay The collagen of areolar tissue is prodeuced by fibroblasts Tendons are composed of _______ connective tissue. dense regular The shape of the external ear is due to elastic cartilage The most abundant formed element(s) of blood is/are erythrocytes The prearranged death of a cell that has completed its task is called apoptosis The simple squamous epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity is called ______. mesothelium (programmed cell death) Osteocytes and chondrocytes occupy little cavities called _______. lucunae Muscle cells and axons are often called _______ b/c of their shape. fibers Tendons and ligaments are made mainly of the protein _________. collagen A ________ adult stem cell can differentiate into two or more types of mature cells, but not into just any type. multipotent "Self-renew for long periods of time and differentiate into specialized cells with specific functions" An epithelium rests on a layer called the _______ btw. its deepest cells and the underlying connective tissue. basement membrane Fibers and ground substance make up the _____ of a connective tissue. matrix In _______ glands, the secretion is formed by the complete disintegration of teh gland cells. holocrine Any epithelium in which every cell touches the basement membrane is called a _________ epithelium. simple