What is geography? |
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an academic discipline that describes Earth and explains the patterns on its surface |
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The growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change is ________. |
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globalization |
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Which of the following may be affected by globalization? |
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A) natural resources
B) cultural patterns
C) political arrangements
D) social development
E) all of the above |
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All of the following are arguments in favor of globalization, EXCEPT |
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globalization will lead to world peace. |
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About how many humans are added to the world's population each hour? |
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15,000 |
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A population pyramid with a wide base and a narrow peak is characteristic of what kind of growth rate? |
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rapid growth |
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture? |
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It is individual |
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What is a nation-state? |
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a relatively homogeneous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory |
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Which of the following groups of people is a nation without a state? |
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Kurds |
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Which of the following statements about terrorism is false? |
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Terrorism in today's world is highly centralized. |
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Beneath which part of the United States is its largest aquifer, the Ogallala Aquifer, located? |
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Great Plains |
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What are the primary compounds found in acid rain? |
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sulfur and nitrogen oxide |
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Where is Megalopolis located? |
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East Coast of United States, from Boston to Washington, D.C. |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the patterns of North American population movements? |
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the exclusion of minorities from inner cities |
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Today, most immigrants to the United States come from which two world regions? |
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Asia and Latin America |
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What state of the U.S. recently went from having net in-migration in the late 1900s to having net out-migration since 2000? |
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California |
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gentrification? |
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white flight to the suburbs |
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in North America, many of the key internationally connected corporate offices, industrial complexes, and entertainment facilities are located |
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in suburbs |
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How does the median household income of Asian families in North America compare to that of white families? |
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10% higher |
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Concentrations of Roman Catholics, Jews, and Muslims are most likely to be found in the cities of North America |
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TRUE |
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What effects are predicted for the Caribbean as global climate change increases average temperatures? |
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A) sea level rise
B) increased intensity of storms
C) loss of biodiversity
D) variable rainfall leading to both floods and droughts
E) all of the above |
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What is the rimland of the Caribbean? |
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the coastal zone of the mainland, beginning with Belize and extending along the coast of Central America to northern South America |
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What is the greatest threat to biodiversity in Latin America? |
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deforestation |
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By the middle 1800s, when most colonial governments in the Caribbean began to free slaves, they sought indentured laborers from which other world region(s)? |
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South and Southeastern Asia |
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Which pattern of emigration from the Caribbean is LEAST likely to occur? |
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A Haitian migrates to Liverpool, England. |
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Maroon societies were composed of which group of people? |
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escaped slaves |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for treating the Caribbean as a region that is distinct from Latin America? |
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The region contains a large native population that still exists on the landscape today. |
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A system wherein peasants farm small plots of land for their own subsistence in Latin American rural handholding is referred to as: |
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Minifundia |
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What is the major attraction of offshore banking in the Caribbean? |
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specialized services that are confidential and tax-exempt |
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Why is settlement so sparse in the Amazon Basin? |
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The quality of the soil is poor. |
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As a region, what is the unifying theme of Sub-Saharan Africa? |
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similar livelihood systems and shared colonial experience |
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Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with deforestation in the woodlands of the savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa? |
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flooding |
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Why is there concern about the tsetse fly in Sub-Saharan Africa? |
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The tsetse fly spreads sleeping sickness to humans, cattle, and some wildlife. |
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What is transhumance? |
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the seasonal movement of animals between wet- and dry-season pastures |
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The Sahel |
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is a zone of ecological transition between the Sahara to the north and the wetter savannas and forests to the south. |
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How has the existence of the Great Escarpment, which runs from southwestern Angola and ends in northeastern South Africa, affected coastal settlement in the region? |
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It was an impediment to settlement. |
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Which country of Sub-Saharan Africa has the region's lowest life expectancy (33 years)? |
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Swaziland |
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Which country of Sub-Saharan Africa is the region's unchallenged economic powerhouse, yet also has one of the worst distributions of income in the world? |
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South Africa |
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What was the main reason that Portugal had a difficult time establishing a colonial presence in Africa? |
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the prevalence of disease in Africa |
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What country has begun offering African nations money for roads, railways, and schools with relatively few strings attached in order to secure oil from African countries to fuel its development? |
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China |
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What is a "qanat"? |
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an irrigation system, developed in Iran, that taps into groundwater through a series of gently sloping tunnels |
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The kibbutz, a collectively worked settlement that produces grain, vegetable, and orchard crops, using irrigation, is associated with which country of Southwest Asia and North Africa? |
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Israel |
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Which two bodies of water mark the traditional boundaries of Mesopotamia? |
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Tigris River and Euphrates River |
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Many of the immigrants who have left Morocco and Algeria have moved to this European country. |
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France |
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Which nation (or ethnic group) of people was displaced by the creation of Israel? |
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Palestinians |
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In which region of Europe are environmental conditions the worst? |
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Eastern Europe |
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Which of the following factors does NOT explain the environmental diversity of Europe? |
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El Nino |
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Which country of Europe is primarily located on the European Lowland? |
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Netherlands |
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Which body of water forms the southern boundary of Europe? |
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Mediterranean Sea |
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Why have many European countries encouraged immigration of foreign populations into their borders in the recent past? |
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C) They were experiencing low or negative growth, and needed immigrants to fill gaps in their labor force. |
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What three historical eras are represented in European city landscapes? |
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Medieval, Renaissance-Baroque, Industrial |
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What is the name of the agreement to reduce border formalities within the European Union? |
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The Schengen Agreement |
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In which country of Europe did the Industrial Revolution start? |
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England |
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Since 1990, many people have migrated from East Germany to West Germany in search of religious freedom. |
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FALSE |
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What’s the name given to a type of European landscape built from 1500 to 1800 with a spacious landscape, expansive ceremonial buildings, public open and green spaces, and wide boulevards lined with elaborate residences |
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Renaissance-Baroque |
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Which body of water in the Russian Domain is the world's largest reserve of freshwater? |
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Lake Baikal |
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Under the Soviet Union, all religion was severely discouraged and actively persecuted. |
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TRUE |
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Who were the original founders of Russia? |
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southward moving warriors from Sweden |
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What are mikrorayons? |
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large housing projects built in the 1970s and 1980s in Russia |
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In what region of the Russian Domain was the Soviet Union's Gulag Achipelago located? |
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Siberia |
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Why is the city of Chernobyl well-known? |
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It is the site of the world's worst-ever nuclear accident. |
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Who were the Bolsheviks? |
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a faction of Russian communism representing interests of industrial workers, who established the former Soviet Union |
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What influence did the breakup of the Soviet Union have on the Russian mafia? |
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The more liberal economic and political environments allowed the mafia to flourish more openly and widely. |
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Primary destination for Russian oil and natural gas is China and Japan. |
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FALSE |
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Where were most of Russia's major territorial gains in the nineteenth century? |
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Central Asia |
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What is the primary reason for the shrinking of the Aral Sea? |
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Large-scale irrigation projects implemented by the Soviets in the 1950s have diverted water from the two rivers that feed the sea. |
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What is the livelihood of pastoralists? |
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raising livestock |
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Which of the following countries of Central Asia lies farthest north? |
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Kazakhstan |
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Of the following climates, which one is LEAST common in Central Asia? |
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tropical monsoon |
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Since the 1960s, where has the largest proportion of migrants to Tibet and the western provinces of China come from? |
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Han Chinese from eastern China |
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What is the most common language group in Central Asia, based on the number of native speakers? |
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Turkic |
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What is the name of the ultra orthodox Islamic group that was in power in Afghanistan until the United States military intervened in fall of 2001? |
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Taliban |
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What Southwest Asian country has offered itself as a model secular state for Central Asian republics to emulate? |
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Turkey |
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Uzbekistan had the lowest female labor force participation in Central Asia in 2002. |
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FALSE; Afghanistan |
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Turkmenistan will soon begin to export large quantities of natural gas. |
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TRUE |
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What country in East Asia is facing a population decline? |
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Japan |
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The majority of Taiwan's population resides ________. |
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along the northern and western coasts |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the immigrant groups arriving in Japan? |
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men and women from Russia working as educators |
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Which country in East Asia does mainland China still claim as an integral part of the Chinese nation? |
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Taiwan |
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Almost all of the rice that the Japanese consume comes from South Korea. |
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FALSE; they cultivate their own rice |
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What physical feature is needed for orographic precipitation to occur? |
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mountain |
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How were the Himalayas formed? |
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by the collision of the Eurasian Plate with the Indo-Australian Plate |
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Where do most people in South Asia live? |
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in compact rural villages |
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In what sector of the economy do most of today's Indian immigrants to the United States work? |
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tertiary |
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Which country of South Asia is an island? |
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Sri Lanka |
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What is the dominant climatic factor in South Asia? |
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monsoon |
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What is the rain-shadow effect? |
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the area of low rainfall found on the leeward (downwind) side of a mountain range |
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What aggravates Bangladesh’s poverty? |
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A) Floods
B) Hurricanes
C) Government policy
D) Only earthquakes
E) all of the above |
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In what South Asian country is the Deccan Plateau located? |
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India |
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Soil of the Indus-Ganges- Brahmaputra plain is not fertile. |
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FALSE |
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Sri Lanka |
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has a Hindu majority living on its north coast. |
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Who brought Islam to South Asia? |
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Turkish speaking Muslims from Central Asia |
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What are the Tamil Tigers? |
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a rebel force in Sri Lanka |
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Among the countries of South Asia, the Maldives is likely to be most concerned about climate change. |
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TRUE |
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The Green Revolution was an agricultural success, but an ecological and social failure. |
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TRUE |
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What is another name for the term "swidden"? |
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shifting cultivation |
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Indonesia's islands stretch for a length that is about the same distance as the mileage between which of the following pairs of cities? |
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New York to San Francisco (coast to coast) |
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Which country in Southeast Asia contains the largest number of islands? |
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Indonesia |
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"Insular" Southeast Asia refers to which of the following locations? |
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countries located on islands |
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What’s the name of the storm that slammed Burma in May 2008, causing 150,000 death, left 1 million homeless and resulted in $10 billion in damages? |
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Cyclone Nargis |
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What country has the highest population density in Southeast Asia? |
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Singapore |
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What is the most densely settled island of Indonesia? |
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Java |
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In what Southeast Asian country is transmigration most common, and a policy of the national government? |
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Indonesia |
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What is the major reason for animosity toward Chinese immigrants in the countries of Southeast Asia? |
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Many of Chinese immigrants are rather prosperous compared to the locals. |
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Which South East Asian country is NOT a member of ASEAN? |
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East Timor |
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Thailand embraces market economics, while retaining the political forms of a communist state. |
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FALSE |
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Which of the following conditions is relatively common in Southeast Asia? |
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primate cities |
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Who are the Karen? |
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a tribal people of upland Burma |
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Which of the following phrases best describes the linguistic geography of Southeast Asia? |
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There are several hundred distinct languages that can be placed into five major linguistic groups. |
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Which South East Asian country has the weakest economy? |
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East Timor |
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What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species? |
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the accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake |
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In which country are Maoris the indigenous people? |
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New Zealand |
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What is the "Outback"? |
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Australia's huge, dry interior |
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An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT |
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a high central peak |
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Approximately what percentage of Australia's population lives in urban areas along the coast? |
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90% |
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Who was the first European to explore New Zealand and Australia? |
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Abel Tasman |
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Which of the following countries is NOT part of Melanesia? |
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New Zealand |
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In the early days of its colonization, Britain used Australia as a ________. |
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prison colony |
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Recently, Papua New Guinea has shifted its economy to mining. |
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FALSE |
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Which area of Fijian economic life do Indo-Fijians dominate? |
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commercial life |
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