Can You Explain The Anatomy Of Functions Of Shark Structures Flashcards

protection of the skin placoid scales controlling the sharks direction as it swims Fins (except caudal) Propelling the shark tail and caudal fin grsping prey and cutting off pieces of meat, but not chewing teeth discharges water that has come in through the mouth and passed over the gills external gill slits swallowing and also passing incoming water to gills pharynx heavily vascularized, feathery fans of tissue that take oxygen from the water passing over them and discharge carbon dioxide to it gills allowing water to enter the mouth of the shark when it is holding food in its jaw spiracle canals from top of head to inner ear (possibly a role in equillibrium) endolymphatic pores sample of water for odors external nares sensing minute electrical fields given off by prey ampullae of lorenzini sensing tiny pressure disturbances in the water, such as those made by swimming prey lateral line system outlet for feces, urine, and reproductive products cloaca dischares urine and sperm into the cloaca in the male urogenital papilla discharges urine into the cloaca in the female urinary papilla unknown by may equalize pressures in the body cavity and external environment or outlet excess coelomic fluid abdominal pores introduction of sperm into female's cloaca. claspers carries sperm on the claspers doral grooves body cavity caudal to the transverse septum; holds all abdominal organs pleuroperitoneal cavity body cavity cranial to the transverse septum pericardial cavity sheet of tissue separating the pleuroperitoneal and pericardial cavities transverse septum loose connective tissue convered with squamous epithelium, covers the organs visceral peritoneum sheets of peritoneum that attach organs to the body wall mesentery holds the oil that gives the shark buoyancy, many digestive functions such as storing nutrients and transforming food molecules arriving from the gut liver storing bile, a liquid that breaks up fat droplets in the gut gall bladder passing food from the pharynx to the stomach esophagus storing of meals until digestion can begin stomach initial digestion of food stomach allowing the stomach to expand as food is taken in rugae a muscular, narrow portion of stomach that controls entry of food from the stomach into the duodenum pylorus secretion of many digestive enzymes pancreas blood reservoir, immune functions spleen the portion of the small intenstine just beyond the pylorus; many digestive secretions are added to the gut ehre duodenum largest middle portion of the intestive; digestion and nutrient absorption ileum narrow portion of the intestive cranial to the rectal gland; formation of feces colon portion of intestine caudal to the rectal gland; elimination of feces rectum slowing the progess of food through the ileum; increasing internal surface area of ileum spiral valve removes excess salts from the sharks circulation rectal gland salt and water balance, eliminating toxic wastes kidneys carries urine in both sexes and sperm in males opisthonephric duct making sperm testes mestentary attaching ovaries to the body wall mesorchium storage of sperm and passing of sperm to the sperm sacs seminal vesicles a space formed by the union of the two sperm sacs in the male urogenital sinus making eggs ovaries where are eggs released? into the coelom takes in immature eggs from the coelom and passes them to the oviducts ostium tubae secreats a membranous shell around groups of eggs and also serves a reservoir for sperm from the male shell gland passes the eggs from the ostium tubae to the uterus oviduct stores and nutures the developing embryo uterus covers the heart pericardial membrane filled with fluid that reduces friction between the beating heart and surrounding structures pericardial cavity receives blood from the body and passes it to the atrium sinus venosus pumps blood into the ventricle atrium the most muscular portion of the heart; pumps blood into the bentral aorta through the gills and then around the circulatory system. ventricle conducts blood from the ventricle to the ventral aorta conus asteriosus conduct blood from the ventral aorta to the gills afferent branchial arteries conduct blood from the gills to the dorsal aorta efferent branchial arteries carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the body dorsal aorta lead from the pharynx to the gill chambers internal gill slits a cartilage skeletal element that supports the gills gill arch protect the gills from food in the sharks mouth gill rakers unknown but perhaps preventing swallowed food particles from coming up the espophagus esophageal papillae not fully known but probably muscular coordination cerebellum processin of visual data optic lobes not fully known but probably control of simple relexes like blood pressure, heart rate, etc medulla not fully known but probably processing sensory information and sending signals to the muscles cerebrum processing of chemical stimuli in the water olfactory lobes