FFA Nursery/Landscape Test Review

PVC pipe for irrigation is joined by connectors/couplings that are ____ to the pipe. glued Similar to the textural appearance of plants, ____ can be used to create spatial illusions in a perennial garden. color To preserve the germination ability of most seeds, store them in a: cool, dry environment ____ drawings show an object as seen by the eyes at eye-level. Perspective Fireblight is a disease that most often affects susceptible plants: during periods of rapid, succulent growth The soil pH level primarily controls: availability of essential plant nutrients Three types of ground patterns used in landscape design are ____. curved-line, arc-and-tangent, straight-line Training plants into three-dimensional ornamental forms, such as animals, is called: topiary Clay soils require: a longer time for absoption of irrigation water than sandy soils. The approximate range of average annual minimum temperature for Plant Hardiness Zone 5 is: -20 to -10 degrees Fertilizer recommendations are often given in pounds of nitrogen per thousand square feet. How many 50 pound bags of 10-10-10 fertilizers should be applied to an area 50 X 100 ft. if the recommendation is for 2 pounds of nitrogen per 1000 sq. ft.? 2 Plants that have been clipped or pruned into two-dimensional forms are: espalier A transplanted tree of shrub should be set into the ground: at the same depth at which it was originally growing Which of the following is true about lady bug beetles? They: eat aphids Plants that use less water and are tolerant of dry landscape sites are called: xerophytes Damping-off is caused by: fungi Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a time clock to control an irrigation system? The plants are watered at set times, whether they need watering or not. Which of the following is a group of terms related to landscape design principles? Focalization, proportion, simplicity The Oak Leaf Nursery advertised a group of trees with a trunk caliper of 3 inches. In the trade, it is assumed that this measurement was taken: 6 inches above ground level One function of stomates is to: give off water vapor A friable soil is one that: is loose and of good structure and texture Plants usually do not grow well in poorly drained soils because: oxygen content is low in poorly drained soils To make the living area of a landscape appear larger, a designer should include plants that feature: cool-colored flowers such as blues, purples, lavenders Which of the following turf areas is mowed to the lowest height? golf green In plants, ____ is the process of converting stored energy into energy for plant growth. respiration A landscape designer uses many ____ in developing the preliminary design for a project. bubble diagrams Fairy ring is caused by: fungi And "x" in the botanical name of a plant means the plant: is a true hybrid And example of an organic material is ____. leaf mold Which of the following is microscopic? nematodes The loss of water in the form of vapor from the surface of plant leaves is referred to as: transpiration The basic underlying priciple of using a mist propagation system is that it: increases humidity around th cutting and reduces transpiration ____ is an example of a parasitic plant. Mistletoe Low-growing landscape plants should: be placed in front of intermediate growing plants Which signal word for pesticide labels indicates the lowest level of toxicity? caution In a landscape design, properly located plants and structures: can reduce heat intensity Which of the following would be most suited for a hot, dry, steep bank in the landscape? creeping juniper A shade loving border plant is: impatiens Soft pencil leads are indicated by the letter ____. B A plant pathologist studies plant: diseases A plant that dies to the ground at the end of each growing season but comes back fromthe same root-stock year after year is most accurately described as a(n): herbaceous perennial Two basic types of pruning are heading-back and thinning-out. Which of the following is true about these pruning methods? Thinning cuts are made close to a main branch or ground and few auxillary buds are left. Lowering the soil grade around a tree removes many of the tree's ____ roots. feeder Water availability, temperature extremes, and ____ should be considered when selecting trees for the landscape. soil type The four life cycle stages of beetles such as the Japanese beetle are: egg, grub, pupae, adult And important step in properly composting landscape refuse is to: thoroughly moisten each layer of material A pencil lead that is soft, prints well, erases easily, and tends to smear easily is ____. B3 A large perennial that provides a general effect of mass and grows in excess of five feet is: pampas grass Lawn sprinkler systems are installed so they provide even coverage. This is accomplished by: spacing th heads so that each sprinkler sprays to the next sprinkler The statement on a bag of fertilizer that lists the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contained in the fertilizer is called a(n) ____ analysis. fertilizer Callus is a term usually referring to: the first tissure to develop on a cutting just before the roots form A ____ is a woody perennial that has more than one main trunk. shrub Mrs. Thompson loves spring flowering bulbs. Which of the following would you suggest for Mrs. Thompson to plant? Hyacinthus orientalis cv. If a two-cycle engine on a weed trimmer uses a 24:1 fuel ratio, you should mix: 24 parts gasoline to 1 part oil Soil texture refers to: the size of the soil particles In nursery production, a "liner" refers to ____. a rooted cutting or small seedling Which of the following is a deciduous vine? Chinese wisteria When planting ground covers grown in compressed peat containers: make several cuts down the sides of the container before planting What part of a lawn mower prevents dust from entering the carburetor? air cleaner The optimum germination temperature for most bedding plant seeds is: 75 to 85*F Paul had 400 containers of mature Salvia to wholesale to a landscaper. His cost of producing the plants, including labor, was $832. If he adds 30% to the cost of production as his profit, how much will he charge the landscaper per container? $2.70 Which of the following statements is true about applying dry fertilizer to a lawn? It is a good practice to water-in dry fertilizer applied to a lawn The classifications of soil particles based on size are sand, silt, and: clay Which fuel is used in chainsaws, string trimmers, and other 2-cycle engines? gasoline and oil mix Which of the following is the proper recommendation for pruning trees at planting: Pruning should be limited to shaping the plant by removing dead or damaged limbs The practice of maually watering a container plant until water comes out of the drainage holes of the container is eddective for helping to reduce the buildup of ____ in the gowing medium. soluble salts A scale of 1" = 2'0' means that: 1" of blueprint equals 2' in the landscape The best time to spray a glyphosate is: when weeds are in active growth Which of the following groups contains only evergreen plants? American aborvitae, Camellia, Japanese Yew Which of the following is a group of small-growing trees? Crepe myrtle, Eastern redbud, Japanese balck pine When referring to the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone, map one can determine the: minimum expected temperature for an area One of the best ways to speed up the rooting process of cuttings is to: provide bottom heat Fred was about to drive the tractor down the street to another landscape job when Alan said, "Hey, you had better put that orange triangle on the back of that tractor before you get run-over." Alan was referring to the: slow-moving vehicle sign Divide and separate fall blooming perennials: in early spring Leaf miners lay their eggs: inside the leaves An area of the landscape that includes space for such items as a clothes line and garbage cans is the ____ area. service The landscape design principle of interconnection: occurs when visual components are physically linked together When trying to save trees on a construction site, cut and fill under the drip line of the trees should be limited to a depth of ____ inches. 0 (under cut or fill under the drip line of trees) ____ pruning is a pruning technique concerned primarily with the removal of brances that could lead to damage or weaken a plant's health and appearance. Natural target Underground stems with scale-like fleshy leaves (leek and onion) are called: bulbs In most plants, a hormone called auxin is produced by the terminal bud. It moves downward into the shoot and inhibits the growth and develpment of lateral buds. It is called: Apical dominance Some seeds are produced in the fall and remain on or in the ground until they germinate in the spring. Exposing seeds to the winter cold and moist soil is nature's method of ____. stratifying Once they are beneath the bark surface, ____ are difficult to control. borers The use of plant materials and landscaping techniques to conserve soil moisture and to reduce water usage is: xeriscaping Which of the following describes plants lose their leaves during the winter? deciduous Hardiness refers to: The quality of being stond and being able to survive in a certain region Hardening-off is a term used in the nursery/landscape industy to mean: acclimatizing tender plants to harsher, outdoor conditions Which one of the following plant hardiness zones is colder than Zone 6? Zone 3 Many insect traps attract insects with: A sex attractant Some vines use ____ to support themselves as they climb. tendrils A ____ is a landscape designer's tool for drawing circles on a landcape plan. circle template The following plant grows from a tuber: elephant ear The best definition of a surfactant is a: material added to a liquid spray solution to reduce surface tension between the liquid and leaf surface Which type of insecticide would be most effective against sucking-stype insects? systemic The three major divisions of soil profile are: topsoil, subsoil, and parent material A lawn mower with blades parallel to the source of the ground is called a(n): rotary mower Which of the following groups contains only deciduous plants? Cedar Elm, Carya illinoensis, Red Oak A 50 pound bag of 5-10-15 fertilizer contains ____ pounds of nitrogen. 2.5 The scientific name for Heavenly Bamboo is: Nandina domestica The turfgrass least tolerant of shade is: Bermudagrass Which of the following is not an important environmental requirement for germination to occur? Carbon dioxide Light energy, carbon dioxide, and water enter into the process of photosynthesis, through which: carbohydrates are formed When planting B&B plants: the tie string should be cut from the trunk of the plant The most common syntheitc root-promoting chemicals used in rooting hormones are: IBA & NAA There are five common methods of night lighting for landscapes. They are: walk, silhouette, shadow, up, and down lighting What information is not contained in the legend on a final landscape plan? Designer's name When planting a bare-rooted tree, the tree should be planted: directly even with the original soil level The road in front of Steve's house has become traffic congested in recent years. The view, and expecially the noise, bothers the family. When Steve discussed thie problem with a landscaper, the landscaper mentioned berms. What was the landscaper talking about? Tall mounds of soil placed between the house and road to black the noise and view A propagator in a nursery business is responsible for: starting new plants from seeds, cuttings, grafting, or other means and planning the propagation schedule A glyphosate is non-selective herbicide that will kill: any green plant that is contacts A major advantage for producing nursery stock in continers is that it: allows for transplating any time during the growing season A method of fertilizer application is ____. side dressing Brwon patch, dollar spot, and gray snow mold are all diseases of: turfgrass Which plant is a vine? Lonicera japonica If a container-grown nursery crop has been over watered for a long period, a grower might expect to find the roots in the following condition: the roots dead or absent at the bottom of the container but healthier in the top portion of the container Site features to consider when conducting a site survey include: topography, soil conditions, natural features, and existing vegetation Food produced in the leaves moves to other parts of a plant through the ____. phloem Which of the following would be the best response if a client calls you in October and wants to know what to do about a 20-foot Japanese pine that has turned completely brown? Cut it down. It is definitely dead. When installing a landscape, which step (from the following list) should be completed LAST? plant the trees and shrubs Cuttings in the rooting bench should be: kept constantly moist Examples of cool season grasses include perennial ryegrass, bentgrass, and: fescue Magnesium, calcium, and sulfur: are essential elements needed for plant processes A "spreader-sticker" added to a spray solution causes the chemical to: better cover the plant surface and resist being wahed off by rain and irrigation Informal landscapes: are constructed with asymmetrical balance and curved lines When selecting ginkgo trees for the landscape, you should choose: male trees only Tunctional roles of plants in the landscape do not include greening up Professional-grade string trimmers are usually powered by: a 2-cycle engine To increase the bushiness of a flowering plant while the plant is young, one should: pinch the stem trips of the plant Liriope and Ajuga are generally classified as: groundcovers The recommended minimum width for a residential walkway in the public area of the landscape is ____ feet. 3.5 Which of the following is a major reason for mulching landscape plants? Moderates soil temperature and conserves soil moisture A color scheme in a garden that produces a carnival-like effect is referred to as being: polychromatic A group of plants located along the perimeter of a landscape use area is called a ____ planting. border Which tree has the finest textured foliage? mesquite Which of the following serves as a food reservoir for the developing embryo withing the seed of a monocot? endosperm The term ____ is used in horticulture to define plant injury sometimes caused by pesticides. phytotoxicity An example of a creeping or prostrate coniferous evergreen is: Juniperus horizontalis A major advantage for using slow-release fertilizer in container-grown nursery stock is that is: supplies nutrients over a long period of time with one application A plant that remains vegetative during its first season of growth and flowers in the second deason is a(n): biennial A landscaper in New York calls a wholesaler/grower in Tennessee to inquire about plant material for a landscape job. one of the trees he asks about is bald cypress. He want to know if it is hary in middle New York. The grower says, "Let me see, that is Zone 4 . . ." They are talking about the: USDA Plant Hardiness Zones Plowing or tilling a bed or lawn when it is excessively wet may: damage the structure of the soil Most landscape plants like the soil pH: slightly acidic In the plant name Ilex x merserveae 'Blue Princess': the genus is Ilex, the "x" means it is a hybrid, the species is meserveae, and the cultivar is Blue Princess B&B in the nursery/landscape trade means: balled and burlapped When installing a landscape, which step (from the following list) should be sompleted FIRST: install the drainage system Which insect eats out trails between the leaf surfaces? leaf miners Wisteria, clematis, and Japanese honeysuckle are examples of: vines When should soil NOT be tilled? when it is wet When using heat to sterilize/pasturize soil, the soil should be heated to: 180*F for 30 minutes Mr Roberts told his horticulture class that the temperature for rooting shrubs should be no lower than 70*F. he was referring to the: temperature of the rooting media