|
Apicectomy |
|
Removal of the apical protion of tooth root |
| |
|
Cholenergic |
|
Pertaining to nerve fibers that liberate acetylcholine at the nyonerual junction |
| |
|
Colectomy |
|
Surgical removal of all/part colon |
| |
|
Erosion |
|
Wearing away a surface |
| |
|
Fissure |
|
Cleft/groove on surface of organ/ tissue |
| |
|
Fistula |
|
Abnormal passage between organ and body surface |
| |
|
Gangrene |
|
Necrosis/death of tissue |
| |
|
Hematemesis |
|
Vomiting bright red blood |
| |
|
Leukoplakia |
|
white plaque, patches on mucous membranes |
| |
|
Ligation |
|
Typinf off blood vessel |
| |
|
Lymphadenopathy |
|
Local/general enlargemetn of lymph nodes/vessels |
| |
|
Metastasis |
|
Tumor cells spread to distant organs |
| |
|
Odynophagia |
|
Burning/squeezing pain on swallowing |
| |
|
Retrosternal |
|
Behind Sternum |
| |
|
Pseudomembranous |
|
false membrane |
| |
|
Anastomoses |
|
Surgical/pathologic connection between two vessels/structors |
| |
|
Aphthous Ulcers |
|
Recurrent Canker sores |
| |
|
Cachexia |
|
wasting disorder, malnutrition, cancer, HIV, TB |
| |
|
Diaphoretic |
|
Profuse sweating |
| |
|
H2-receptor anatagonist |
|
Chemical agent that blocks interaction of histamine/ acetylcholine on receptors of stomach cells. drugs that inhibit gastric acid |
| |
|
Hemostasis |
|
Controlling bleeding |
| |
|
Hepatomegaly |
|
Enlargement of Liver |
| |
|
Hyperemic |
|
Excess blood in part or area |
| |
|
Lavage |
|
Cleaning out a cavity with fluid |
| |
|
Myalgia |
|
Muschle Pain |
| |
|
Peritonitis |
|
Inflammation of membrane that lines abdominal cavity |
| |
|
Proton pump inhibitor |
|
Drugs that block gastric acid secretion; |
| |
|
Steatorrhia |
|
Malabsorbtion of fat in feces |
| |
|
Function of teeth |
|
Mastication, breakdown of food for digestion |
| |
|
Causes for missing permanent teeth |
|
Decay, accident, impaction, congenital missing |
| |
|
Major sysmptom of TMJ |
|
Pain in the TMJ |
| |
|
Thrush |
|
Fungal infection |
| |
|
Squamous cell oral cancers make up what percentage of oral cancers |
|
90% |
| |
|
Major contributors to oral cancers |
|
Alcohol, smoking, snuff |
| |
|
Treatments for oral cancer |
|
Radiation, surgery, Laser therapy, therapeutic irradiation |
| |
|
Main symptom for esophagitis |
|
Burning chest pain (Hearburn) |
| |
|
Main culprit for gastritis |
|
H Pylori |
| |
|
Barrett's Esophagus contributes to what in the proximal stomach |
|
Gastric cancer |
| |
|
Length of Appendix |
|
3 1/2 inches |
| |
|
Function of appendix |
|
No known purpose |
| |
|
Appliance worn by people with hernia |
|
Truss |
| |
|
Area of alimentary canal affected by Crohn's disease |
|
any portion, from mouth to anus can become edematous and inflamed |
| |
|
Ulcerative Colitisi is a risk for what condition |
|
Colon Cancer |
| |
|
Matin goal when treating gastroenteritis |
|
Maintian hydration and electrolyte balance |
| |
|
Symptoms of intestinal obsturction |
|
Pain, N/V, bloat, no passage of stool/gas, electrolyte imbalance, elevated WBC, hyperactive or missing bowel sounds |
| |
|
Site of colon for diverticulosis |
|
Distal protion, Sigmoid |
| |
|
3rd leading cancer cuase of men and women |
|
Colorectal cancer |
| |
|
Is peritonitis life threatening |
|
Yes |
| |
|
Which sex experieces a higher incidence of Cirrhosis |
|
Male |
| |
|
What is the incubation period for Hep A |
|
15-50 Days |
| |
|
Four Fat Soluble vitamins |
|
A, D, E, K |
| |
|
The alimentary canal process and transports? |
|
Digestion |
| |
|
Function of teeth |
|
Matication |
| |
|
Periodontitis/Periodontal Disease |
|
Destruction of the gums and bone around a tooth |
| |
|
Pus-filled pocket surrounding root of tooth |
|
Tooth Abscess |
| |
|
Symptoms Herpes Simplex |
|
Blisters on lips, inside mouth, painful ulcers lasting hours to days |
| |
|
Symptoms Oral Cancer |
|
White pathcy lesions, oral ulcesr that fail to heal |
| |
|
Causes for normal Esophageal reflux |
|
Overeating, weight, pregnancy |
| |
|
Treatment for Esophagitis |
|
Bland diet, strong antiacids |
| |
|
Cause of Hiatal Hernia |
|
Upper portion of stomach protrudes through opening in diaphram |
| |
|
Mechanical bowel obstructiion, twisting of the bowel on itself |
|
Volvulus |
| |
|
Short bowel syndrome interfers with the absorptin of |
|
Nutrients, fluid, vitamins, and minerals |
| |
|
Celiac Disease |
|
Disease of the small intestine: malabsorption, gluten intolerance and damage to lining of intestines |
| |
|
Med causes discoloration of teeth |
|
Tetracycline |
| |
|
Antibacterial mouthwash precribed for gingivitis |
|
Chlorhexidine (Periogard) |
| |
|
Oral Thrush is treated with what |
|
Candida Albicans is treated with Nystatin |
| |
|
GERD is treated with |
|
Omeprazole, cessation of smoking, elevating the head at bedtime |
| |
|
Do not use this drug with patients with Peptic Ulcer |
|
Aleve |
| |
|
Peptic Ulcer is treated with |
|
Nexium, Zantac, Tagament (Esomeprazole, Rantidine, Cimetidine) |
| |
|
Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis |
|
Corticosteriods, Sulfasalazine, anticholinergic agents |
| |
|
Treatment for Peritonitis |
|
Broad spectrum antibiotics, parenteral electrolytes, pain killers |
| |
|
Treatment for motion sickness |
|
Dramamine, Dimenhydrinate |
| |
|
Hep A is transmitted |
|
Fecal-oral, comtaminiated water, food, stools |
| |
|
Overuse of Broad-Spectrum antibiotics is seem with |
|
Pseudomembranous entercolitis |
| |
|
Symtoms include biliary colic with radiating pian and jaundice |
|
Cholelithiasis |
| |
|
Chronic Irreversible degeneration of the Liver |
|
Cirrhosis |
| |
|
The Hepatitis is transmitted by blood and body fluid |
|
B and C |
| |
|
Peritonitis in an inflamation of what |
|
Serous Membrane that lines the abdomin |
| |
|
Mechanical bowel obstruction |
|
Neoplasm, volvulus, intussusception, fecal impact |
| |
|
4th leading cause of cancer deaths |
|
Pancreatic |
| |
|
Gastritis |
|
Allergic reaction, irritation from roods, mechanical injury, medications, poisons, alcohol, infectious diseases |
| |
|
Peridonitits |
|
Cuase:Plaque biofilm, Contriburing factors: Chemotherapy, diabetes, smoking, HIV, |
| |
|
Barrett's esphagus |
|
Treat for GERD, Endoscopic exam every 3 years, acid-suppression medis, lifestyle change, antireflux surgery |
| |
|
How does malocclusion present |
|
Protrusion or recession of the jaw, crowded teeth, tooth loss |
| |
|
Untreated ginvigitis leads to what condition |
|
Periodontitis |
| |
|
Symtoms of TMF |
|
Pain in jaw worse by chewing, clicking sounds when chewing, limitaion of jow movement (unilateral) tinnitus, deafnes |
| |
|
Aphthous Mouth Ulcer vs Cold Sore |
|
trauma, stress, illnes vs Herpes simplex virus
Pale yellow spots with red boarders vs red raised lesions |
| |
|
Causes for GERD |
|
Relaxation of esphogeal sphincter, hiatial hernia, some meds, alcohol, coffee, some foos |
| |
|
Medication class for treating GERD |
|
Antiacids, proton pum inhibitor |
| |
|
What does Helicobacter Pylori do |
|
H. Pylori causes gastric and peptic ulcers |
| |
|
Complications from Esphageal Varices |
|
Rupture of the lining of the esophaus-hemorrhage, hypovolemic shock |
| |
|
Endoscopy visulaizes what |
|
Upper GI tract |
| |
|
Colonoscopy visualizes whatD |
|
Colon |
| |
|
Initial symptoms of gastric cancer |
|
vague digestive symptons, no pain |
| |
|
McBurney's Point |
|
Point of tenederness in acute appendicitis |
| |
|
Strangulated hernia |
|
bowel is trapped or twiested on itself at the point of herniation. Blood supply is cut off - gangrene |
| |
|
Symptoms Ulcerative Colitis |
|
Chronic inflamation of mucosa of rectum and colon, chronic/severe diarrhea |
| |
|
Crohns Disease |
|
Chronic inflammation of all layers of bowel wall anywhere in the digestive tract, severe diarrhea and bowel obstruction. |
| |
|
Rx for Gastroenteritis |
|
control symptoms, maintain fluid level and electrolyte balance, education |
| |
|
Functional Intestinal obstruction |
|
Nonmechanical blockage, paralysis of the bowel from medication, peritonitis, surgery (paralytic ileus, congenital megacolon) |
| |
|
Mechanical Intestinal obstruction |
|
Tumors, foreign bodies, impaction, strictures, compression, twisint, intussusception, strangulations. |
| |
|
Diverticulosis vs Diverticulitis |
|
Weak points in the muscular layer of the large intestines form outpouches. Then these become inflamated from infection - perforation of bowel. |
| |
|
Assessment for Colorectal Cancer |
|
Hx/Px, stool specimens, barium enema, signmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, CT Scan. |
| |
|
Why do antibiotics cause Pseudomembranous entercoloitis |
|
It destroys the natural protective intestinal flora and allows infection with Clostridium Difficile. Bowel inflames, ulcerates, necrosis. |
| |
|
S/S of Cirrhosis of the Liver |
|
Loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, indigesion, distention, edema, tendency to bleed, jaundice, pruritis, spider nevi, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, memory impairment. Signs: enlarged liver, abnormal xrays, elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin in bloos, hepatic failure - death |
| |
|
Biliary Colic vs Acute Pancreatitis |
|
Colic: pain in epigastric or RUQ -radiating to R scapula. Jaundice. Acute: sudden onset severe abd pain, radiating to back, N/V, Diaphoretic, tachy, B/P falls, fever, abd tenderness, decreased bowel sounds |
| |
|
Causes of Pancreatitis |
|
Alcohol, biliary tract disease, gallstones, trauma, infection, structural anomalies, hemorrhage, hyperlipidemia, drugs, metabolic/ endocrine disorders |
| |
|
Disorders of nutrition lead to |
|
Malnutrition, malabsorption, food poisoning, anorexia nervosa, bulimina, obsety and hypervitaminosis |
| |
|
Diagnostic criteria for Celiac Disease |
|
Biopsy shows destruction of mucosal lining of bowel, gulten free diet resolves problem. |
| |
|
Most common bloodborne infection in US |
|
HCV - Hepatits C Virus |
| |
|
Third most common site of cancer in men and women |
|
Colorectal cancer |
| |
