Endocrine System Powerpoint Presentation

SLIDE 1 Make sure you pay attention to the bolded green words throughout the presentation because they are vocabulary words that will then help you later on……hint.. hint To warn you guys there are some pictures that are really bad Endocrine System SLIDE 2 •Body Process can happen slowly such as cell growth or fast such as breathing and body movements. •Hormones: the body’s chemical messengers, that transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. •Glands: Is a group of cells that secretes, or gives off chemicals; so the glands selects and removes material from the bloodstream and processes them to be used somewhere else in the body •The foundations of the endocrine systems are: Hormones Glands Endocrine System SLIDE 3 Nervous System: Monitors the environment; so when aberrations are detected the NS sends messages to the endocrine glands in which they would produce and secrete hormones into the blood The hormone will then hit the target organ and produces the substances that the organ produces and then the receptors will pick up the activity and the brain stops sending messages to the endocrine glands –Embryonic development and preparation for a newborn –Influence sexual behavior; stimulates growth and maturation of the gonads –Feedback to the nervous system Endocrine System SLIDE 6 Lies in the cranial cavity, in a small depression of the sphenoid bone that is in the sella turcica which looks like a saddle Considered the Master Gland because-----Since the pituitary glands has tropic hormones meaning that it stimulates other endocrine glands to grow and produce their hormones -----It exerts this control over the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the ovarian follicles, and the corpus luteum Endocrine System SLIDE 7 The difference between the two glands is the prefix because adeno means gland and neuro means nervous Explain the picture and point out where the anterior and posterior pituitary gland is Endocrine System SLIDE 8 Considered the Master Gland because-----Since the pituitary glands has tropic hormones meaning that it stimulates other endocrine glands to grow and produce their hormones -----It exerts this control over the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the ovarian follicles, and the corpus luteum Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) •Acts on the adrenal cortex to increase in size and to secrete larger amounts of hormones called the cortisol - Hydrocortisone) LH– Acts with FSH to perform several functions Ovulating Hormone The males pituitary glands also secrete LH -Has the same functions of FSH For males the hormone was called the Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone because it stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to develop and secrete testosterone, the male sex hormone Endocrine System SLIDE 9 FSH– Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and ovum Stimulates follicle cells to secrete estrogens and triggers ovulation In males, it stimulates the somniferous tubules to grow and to form sperm That is to the point of ovulation Corpus Luteum– means yellow body in Latin …. It is what is left the follicle after a women's ovulates Endocrine System SLIDE 10 GH---another name for growth hormone is somatotropion –Speeds up the movement of digested proteins out of the blood into the cells It accelerates anabolism of amino acids to form protein tissues Anabolism---to build up GH– This hence normal growth Affects fats and carbohydrates metabolism Metabolism---a process which the food is used by a living organism…so in other words it is the break down of food that is absorbed by the cells in the body –It accelerates fat catabolism and slows down glucose catabolism Catabolism--- the breakdown of food compounds Meaning that less glucose is leaving the blood to enter the cells, therefore the amount of glucose in the blood increases GH and insulin has opposites effects on blood glucose Insulin decreases blood glucose and GH increases it Hypo---- is when there is too much insulin in the blood Hyper---- is when there is too much growth hormone in the blood Endocrine System SLIDE 11 After TSH---These hormones are other hormones that the pituitary gland secretes –TSH-- Acts on the thyroid gland to increase the secretion of the thyroid gland MSH---melanin---what gives our skin the color…it’s the brown skin pigment Or called the lactogenic hormone MSH--- Causes a rapid increase in synthesis and dispersion of melanin granules in specialized skin cells – Prolactine --- During pregnancy, Prolactin stimulates the breast development necessary for lactation Lactation--- milk secretion of the breast Meaning that it prepares for lactation so when the mother gives birth to the baby Then after the baby is born the mother has the function to secretes milk from her breast Endocrine System SLIDE 12 Releases two hormones ADH--- With more water leaving the tubules into the blood, less water remains in the tubules, therefore less urine leaves the body Anti– means against Diuretic– means increasing the volume of urine excreted So it means acting against an increases in urine volume Accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine in the kidney tubules in the back in the blood Oxytocin--- is secreted by a woman’s body before and after she has a baby This is why physicians prescribe Oxytocin injections -----to induce or increase labor Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the pregnant uterus and is to initiate and maintain labor Endocrine System SLIDE 13 Now I am going to explain some diseases and disorders of the Pituitary gland Is when a child grow to a giant size… a person with a tall stature Causes: Results from excess Somatotropion prior to puberty and fusion in the epiphyses What is Somatotropion? Epiphyses is the end of a long bone so it increases the length of the bone size Endocrine System SLIDE 14 A person with a short stature… small body size…..it also deals with the GH The releasing of the hormone can affect other pituitary cells that can result in multiple deficits Causes: By a tumor Genetic factor Injury If diagnosed early, Can have GH injections The GH injections can last at least up to 5 years or when the bone growth is fully developed Endocrine System SLIDE 15 The effectiveness of insulin metabolism can result in diabetes Gives you a grotesque appearance You can develop slurred speech Endocrine System SLIDE 16 A low level of ADH prevents water from being reabsorbed by the kidneys Polyuria--- excessive urination Polydipsia--- excessive thirst ADH--- remember it helps take out the glucose from your urine and put’s it back into your bloodstream Endocrine System SLIDE 17 Hypopituitarism--- is when the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of it’s hormones If caused by a tumor you can have it surgically removed It is not preventable Endocrine System SLIDE 19 Located in front of the upper part of the trachea in the neck… there are 2 lobes…. They are on both sides of the larynx connected by a tissue called isthmus Secretes three hormones called: Calcitonin---- T3-----and T4 The overall function of the thyroid gland------ It Synthesizes hormones that regulates the body’s metabolism and control the level of calcium in the blood It acts on a bone in the body to inhibit the breakdown----- with less bone resorbed the less calcium that moves out of the bone into the blood-----Calcitonin must also maintain a homeostasis of blood calcium Endocrine System SLIDE 21 T3-- One molecule contains 3 iodine atoms T4 is the most important and most abundant For T4 to be produced a sufficient amount of iodine needs to be in the diet Most endocrine glands secretes their hormones that they produce right into the blood but the thyroid gland store massive amounts of hormones in the form of a colloid compound About 100 millimicrons is 1/25 hundred thousand of an inch….. They are really small…. The colloid are stored in the follicles and when they are needed they will be released and secreted into the blood Cellular metabolism---T3 and T4 makes every cell in our body speed up the release of energy from the food Every normal mental, physical growth, and development depend on the thyroid gland hormones Endocrine System SLIDE 22 Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, often visible on the anterior of the neck Endocrine System SLIDE 23 TSH--- Thyroid- stimulating hormone TRH---Thyrotropin-releasing hormone --- it stimulates the release of the thyroid stimulating hormone Endocrine System SLIDE 24 Other types of Goiter Dysphasia--- Difficult swallowing Endocrine System SLIDE 25 Also known as Graves disease (which is a severe form of hyperthyroidism) Endocrine System SLIDE 27 There is a risk factor of the treatments Hyperthyroidism occurs frequently in women over 30 years of age and it is also related to a autoimmune factor It is also life threatening because it can result in hyperthermia, tachycardia, heart failure, and delirium (which is the confusion and rapid changes in the brain function that leads to mental and physical illness Thyroidectomy----is the removal of the thyroid gland Antithyroid—also called thionamides----the antithyroid decreases the levels of T3 and T4 that is being produced The first tow antithyroid drugs are the only ones available in the United States Endocrine System SLIDE 28 Cretinism---the hypo section of the thyroid hormones during the formative years (infancy) Endocrine System SLIDE 29 Vigor--- is the mental and physical strength that our bodies have Endocrine System SLIDE 30 They are produced in the hypothalamus------they travel directly through blood capillaries system to the anterior pituitary gland, where they cause releasing of the Anterior pituitary hormones-------or it can inhibit their production and their releases into the general circulation of the body Homeostasis---the body function to maintain in a normal environment Endocrine System SLIDE 31 The testes are the gonads of the male body….it is located in the scrotal sac and are suspended outside the body The other cells in the testes, male reproductive ducts, and glands produces semen The interstitial cells in the testes secretes testosterone directly into the blood-----considered the masculinizing hormone Endocrine System SLIDE 32 Undescended testes is observed by palpation of the scrotum at delivery Endocrine System