Morality according to _______ arises from the fact that humans, as rational beings, impose laws and structures of behavior upon themselves. |
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Emmanuel Kant |
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Kohlberg's moral stages include all o the following |
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-pre coventional
-conventional
- post conventional |
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A concept in which values and moral beliefs come from those one admires and aspires to identify with is: |
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modeling |
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______ can be defined as the responsibilities that are attached to a specific role. |
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Duties |
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What are values |
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measures of worth or priority |
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Ethical dilemmas are situations in which: |
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people must make a decision about something |
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What ethical system woould best describe why an officer is maintains the code of silence in reference to other officers? |
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egoism/ ethics of care? |
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_______is a necessary element in law enforcement, but its need also leads to a greater dependence on individual ethical codes in place of rules and laws. |
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Discretion |
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What is communtative justice |
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fairness of contracts and business relations |
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How many police vslues are there? |
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8 |
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If a police officer tries to convenice a store owner not to press charges a against a poor elderly man shoplifting cartons of milk, the officer is practicing: |
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street justice |
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According to the text, the main reason for the blue curtain of secrecy in law enforcement is ______ to other officers. |
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loyalty |
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Who exerts the strongest influence on the ethical climate of an agency? |
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the one in charge |
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If one views the police ss (a) _______ presumptions follow: that criminals are the enemey and different from good people; that police are the army that fights the enemy using any means necessaryto control, capture and punish them. |
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crime control force |
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______ ethics are an even more specific of applied ethics relating to the behavior of certain professions or groups. |
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professional |
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What is an important criticism of the utilitarian ethical system? |
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no individual rights are considered |
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When individuals have discretion it is possible that individuals prejudices and perceptions of groups such as women, minorities and homosexuals influence decesion making. |
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Discrimination |
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Procedural is concerned with |
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steps taken to reach determination of guilt and punishment (due process) |
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According to Baelz, what characteristics must an ethical system contain? |
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(1) not self-serving
(2) logically impartial or universal
(3) authoratative
(4) prescriptive |
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Corrective justice is concerned with |
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punishment and sanctions |
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What ethical system answers the question of: "What is good is that which benefits me?" |
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egoism |
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What New York scandal involved officers taking bribes, using drugs and alcohol on duty, and taking personal belonging from corpses? |
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The buddy boys; Mollen commission |
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Toury Ohlin and Farrington found three major theoretical perspectives that address the orgin of delinquency |
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(1) attachment
(2) temparament
(3) social learning |
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Noble cause corruption is justified by which ethical system? |
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utilitarian |
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Testilying is a euphemism for what police practice? |
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perjury |
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Noble cause corruption is likely motivated by |
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end justifies the means |
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Which ethical problem is least associated with the proactive investigations |
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perjury or testimony |
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Which of the following is not included in Barker and Carter's typology of lies |
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-accepted lies
-deviant lies
-tolerated lies |
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The objective test for entrapment |
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in whose mind did it originate from/ defense |
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Integrity testing of police is similar to what law enforcement tactic used against criminals? |
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entrapment |
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Integrity testing refers to which police management tactic? |
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sting operations |
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What police lead body investigate civilian claims of police wrongdoing? |
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internal affairs |
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The public didtrust of lawyers can be traced back to |
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Greek historians |
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The description of the justice system as two advocates engaing in the pursuit of the truth guided by a neutral third party |
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ideal justice system |
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the model of judicial processing that prioritzes efficiency over truth is |
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bureaucratic justice |
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the belief that loyalty to one's client surpasses individual and private decision making id characteristic of |
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legal agent theory |
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The statement "i am person first, a lawyer second" is |
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moral agent theory |
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The primary duty of a defense attorney is |
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plea bargaining |
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The predominant public image of defense attorneys is that of |
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egosim |
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The term fast food lawyers refers to |
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volume and speed |
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Whose interests do prosecutors represent |
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society |
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Which factor would be unethical for a prosecutor to consider in making charging decisions |
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identity of the victim |
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Prosecutors that are part time may be more prone to what type of prosecutorial misconduct than full-time prosecutors |
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confict of interests |
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What word describes the prosecutorial practice of confiscating property and money associated with certain criminal activites? |
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forfeiture |
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Which term describes the ethically questionable practice that prosecutors use during the process of plea bargaining |
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charge bargaining |
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One of the primary ethical problems with plea bargaining is that |
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it subverts due process |
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The ethical concern regarding expert witnesses is about whether theyare really |
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non biaseed and independent |
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Making deals with defendants in exchange for favorable testimony is one form of |
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plea bargaining |
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The rationale for punisment that is associated with the offender achieving slavation is |
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treatment |
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What from of prevention is aimed at people other than the defender? |
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general deterrence |
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Detaining only those who are at the highest risk of offending or re-offending is a form of |
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selective incapacitation |
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Which ethical system would only support punishments that seek to balance the needs of the offender and the victims? |
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ethics of care |
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the primary ethical argument aganst private corrections is |
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profit leads to abuse |
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What other criminal justice professional is most like the correctional officer |
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police officer |
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court decisons have limited what aspect of correctional officer's duty |
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discretion |
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The term pluralistic ignorance describes |
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vocal minority create the belief of the majority |
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What term best describes the general relationship between correctional officers and inmates |
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uneasy justice |
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the interdependence that may develop between correctional officers and the inmates that is characterized by favoritism is called |
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reciprocity0 |
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what is the definition of justice |
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-fairness
-equality
-impartiality
-appropriate rewards and punishments |
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Paternalistic laws |
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-wear seatbelts
- helmet when riding a bike |
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Examples of noble cause corruption |
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planting or fabricating evidence, lying on reports or in court, and generally abusing police authority to make a charge stick. |
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Methods of prevention |
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- deterrence
-incapacitation
-treatment |
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Good correctional officer |
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- all inmates equally no favoritism
-not follow rules to the t
-use discretion
-not afraid to use force when neede
-consistency
-fairness
-flexibility |
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