Chemistry Chapter 13- Ions In Aqueous Solutions And Colligative Properties

this separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves dissociation includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution net ionic equation ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction spectator ions ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent ionization the H30+ ion is known as the hydronium ion any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity well; this is due to the presence of all or almost all of the dissolved compound in the form of ions strong electrolyte any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity poorly; this is due to the presence of a small amount of the dissolved compound in the form of ions weak electrolyte properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity colligative properties one that has little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions nonvolatile substance is the freezing point depression of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute molal freezing-point constant (Kf) the difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution freezing-point depression the boiling-point elevation of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute molal boiling-point constant the difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution of that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution boiling-point elevation allows the passage of some particles while blocking the passage of others semipermeable membrane the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration osmosis the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis osmotic pressure