Internal Social Control |
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Takes place though the social process individuals internalize societal norms a values that presribe how people behave and then follow those norms and values in their everyday lives |
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External Control |
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socail control involes the use of negaitave sansction that prescribe certain behaviors and set forth the punshments for rule brakers and non conformists |
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Deviance |
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is rotted in societal factors such as rapid social change and lack of social intergration among people |
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Strain theroy |
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pople feel strain when they are exposed to culture goal is that they are unable to obtain b/c they do not have acess to culturally approved means of acheiven goals |
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4 types of deviance
-Innovation |
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occus when people accept socitys goals but adopt disappproved meand for acheveing them |
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4 types or deviance
-Ritualism |
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occurs when people give up on society goals but still adhere to the socially approved means for acheiving them |
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4 types of deviance
- Retreatism |
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occurs when people abandon both the approved goals and the approved means of achieving them. |
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4 types of deviance
- Rebellion |
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occurs when pople challenge both the approved goals and the approved means for acheve them and adovcate and alternate set of goals of meaning |
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Illegitimate opportunity structes |
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Circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activites what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels. |
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libral femminist |
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womens deviance and crime are rational respnse to gender discrimination that women experience in families and the workplace |
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Radical feminist |
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views the cause of womens crime as originating in patriarchy mate domination over females |
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Social econmicstatus |
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a combined measure that in order to determine class laocation attempts to classify individual families or house holds in term of factor such as a income occupation and education |
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Working poor |
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the world poor account for about 20% of the us population. members of the working poor class live from just abouve to just below poverty line they typicall hold unskilled jobs , seasonal migrat job in agricultur , lower paid factory jobs and service jobs. |
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Absoulte Poverty |
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exist when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necissities of life. |
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Relative proverty |
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exists when people may be able to afford basic nesessities but are still unable to maintain average standard of living. |
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Job deskilling |
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a reduction in the proficiency needed to perform a specific job that leads to corresponding reduction in the wages for the job. |
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Deference |
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is a type of ceremony actviaty that functions as a symbloic meaing where by apprecation is regulary conveyed to recipient. |
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White collar crime |
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illegal activities committed by people in the course of thir employment of financial affairs. |
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Corapte Crime |
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illegal acts committed by coporate emplyees on behalf of the corporation and with it support. |
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4 major punishment
-Retribution |
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is punishmentthat a person recieves for inifring on the rights of others. offerder and is based on the premis that the punshment should fit the crime. |
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4 types of Punisment
-General detreece |
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seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear punishment in the genral public. |
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4 types of punishment
-incapactation |
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is based on the assumption that offenders who are detained in prison or an excuted will be unable to commit addional crimes. |
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4 types of punishment
- Rebalilition |
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seeks to return offenders to the community a law abing citizens by providing theapy or vocational or education training. |
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Intergenerational mobility |
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is the socail movement expericed by family members from one generation to the next |
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Intragenerational mobility |
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is the social movement of indiviuals within thier own life time |
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Closed system of stratification |
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is the boundaries between levels in the hiergohies of social stratification a rigid and people postions ar set by ascribed status. |
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Caste system |
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is a system of social inequality in which people status is permanetly determind at birth based on their parents ascribed characteristics. |
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Class system |
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is a type of stratificationbased on the ownership and control of resouces and the type of work people do |
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Horzontail Mobility |
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occurs when people experence a gain or loss in postion and or income that soen not produce a change in their place in the class structure. |
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Vertical mobility |
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movement up or downthe class the another... |
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Capitalist |
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Class(bourgeosis) Constits of those who won the means of production |
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Working Class (proletariat) |
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Consists of those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survie. |
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Alientation |
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a feelings of powerlessness ansd estrangement from other people and from onself. |
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Ingroup |
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is a group to which the person belongs and with which aperson feela sense of identity... |
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outgroup |
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is a group to which a person does not belong a which a person may feel a sense of competitivenss of hostility. |
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Instrumental ledership |
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is a goal or task oriented... |
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Expressive leadership |
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provides emotional support for members. |
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Authoritarian leaders |
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makes all major decisions and assign to members. |
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Demoractic leaders |
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encourage group disscusion and decision makeing through consensus building... |
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Lassiez fare leaders |
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who are only minimally involved in decision making and encouges the group members to make thier own decisons. |
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Groupthink |
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the process by which member of a cohesive grop arrive at decison that many indiviaul member privatly believe |
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Normative organiztion |
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when we want to purse some common insterst or gain personal satisfaction or prestrige from being a member |
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Coercive organzition |
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people do not voluntarily becomes of converive organiztion association that people are join. |
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Utilitarian organzation |
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we volutarily join utilitarian organiztion whem they can provide us with a material reward that we speak. |
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Rationality |
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is the process by which tadiotnal methods of social organztion characterized by informailyt and spontaleiy are gradually repaced by efficiently adminsterrd formal rules and procedures |
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Ideal type |
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is an abstract model that describes the recurring characterists pf some phenomeon such as bureaucacy. |
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Dimensions of fomal rationality.
-Efficiency |
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means the search for the best means to the end. |
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Demaensions of formal rationality
-predicibility |
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means a world with no suprises |
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Demensions of formal rationality
-Emphasis on quanity rather than quality |
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usually large quantites rather that quality. |
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Whats... |
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whats |
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Dual labor market |
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how social class sitinction are perptuatd thru different types of employment |
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Iron law of olgarchy |
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according to robert michels the endency of bureacucracies be ruled by a few people. |
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