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1.
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Internal Defences
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PhagocytesNatural Killer Cells
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2.
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Phagocytes
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Macrophages and granulocytes neutrpilsdegrade foreign substances and debris
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3.
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Natural Killer
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recognize faulty SELF-cells (cancer, etc)attach to and destroy target cells
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4.
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Interferons
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antimicrobial proteinsinfected (virus) cell -> secrete Interferon -> travel to neighboring cells -> inhibit virus
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5.
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Complement
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20 plasma proteinswork together to activate immune system, speed up lysis (eg phagocytes)
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6.
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Cardinal signs of Acute Inflamation
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rednessheatswellingpain(inhibit movements)
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7.
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Toll-Like Receptors
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surface membrane receptorson macrophages and tractstrigger CYTOKINE release (CYTOKINE = inflamation and attract WBCs)
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8.
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Mast Cells
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release HISTAMINE
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9.
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Inflamatory Mediators
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make small blood vessels dilate -> hyperenia (congestion with blood) -> redness, heat^ capillary permeabilityexudate (clotting factors) -> edema (swelling) -> pain
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10.
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Prostaglandins
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induce pain - what asprin etc inhibits
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11.
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beta-defensins
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antimicrobial if epithelial barrier breached
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12.
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Phagocyte Mobilization
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1 LEUKOCYTOSIS : leukocytosis-inducing factors -> release neutrophils from marrow2 MARGINATION : CAMs (selectins + integrins) help bind neutrophils to injred area3 DIAPEDESIS : neutrophils through cap walls4 CHEMOTAXIS : attract neutrophils and WBCs to injury
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13.
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Pyrogens
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cause fever
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14.
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Lymphocytes
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Adaptive ISB cells - antibody mediated/hormonal immunityT cells - cellular immunity Cytotoxic T cells - cell mediated immunity, destroy bad cells Helper T -manage response of both arms, HIV fuses with Th membrane -> no immune system
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15.
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B cell Immunocompetence
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B cells display antibody that responds to specific antigen(DETERMINED BY GENES) -> bind with antigen -> proliferates in plasma cellActivated -> clone -> some cells = memory cells -> more efficient secondary response
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16.
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Antibody
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Y-shaped proteintag and inactivate, do not destroy, target cells
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17.
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Cytotoxic T Cells
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id antigen by its foreign MHC I (presents self peptides) -> bind to and kill cellsp Tc cells for sp antigens
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18.
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Immune Surveillance
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T cells + NK
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19.
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Lymph cells from...T cells from..
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Lymphocytes and B cells from red bone marrowT cells from thalmus
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20.
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Thymic Education
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Positive selection - weeds out Tcells that don't bind to MHCNegative selection - weeds out T cells that bind too tightly to MHC (poor neg. selection = autoimmune problems)
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