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urinary system |
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regulates composition of the extracellular fluids by removing their harmful substances from the blood |
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erythropoietin |
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secreted by the kidneys and acts on bone marrow to stimulate production of RBCs |
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nephrons |
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filtering units of the kidney |
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renal artery |
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carries blood that contains waste products to nephrons for filtering, after waste is removed blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein |
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renal pelvis |
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cavity where ureter merges with the kidney for urine passage |
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ureter |
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slender tube that carries urine to the bladder |
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urinary bladder |
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acts as a temporary reservior for urine |
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urethra |
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tube that discharges urine from the bladder |
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nephron |
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clears and filters blood, there are approx. 1 million nephrons in the kidney |
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testosterone |
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male hormone that is essential in the development of sperm and secondary sex characteristics |
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testes |
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located in the scrotum and contains seminiferous tubules that produce sperm |
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seminiferous tubules |
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produce sperm |
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vas deferens |
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formed by the epididymis to transport sperm |
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seminal vesicle |
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contains nutrients that support sperm viability |
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Three functions of a nephron |
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1. Filtration2. Reabsorption3. Secretion |
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prostate gland |
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secretes a thin, alkaline substance |
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cyst/o |
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bladder |
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vesic/o |
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bladder |
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glomerul/o |
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golmerulus |
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lith/o |
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stone, calculus |
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meat/o |
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opening |
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nephr/o |
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kidney |
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ren/o |
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kidney |
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pyle/o |
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renal pelvis |
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ur/o |
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urine, urinary tract |
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ureter/o |
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ureter |
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urethr/o |
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urethra |
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andr/o |
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male |
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balan/o |
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glans penis |
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epididym/o |
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epididymis |
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orch/o |
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testical |
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orchi/o |
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testical |
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orchid/o |
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testical |
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test/o |
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testical |
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perine/o |
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perineum |
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prostat/o |
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prostate gland |
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spermat/o |
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sperm cells |
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sperm/o |
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sperm cells |
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varic/o |
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dilated vein |
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vas/o |
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vessel, vas deferens, duct |
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vesicul/o |
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seminal vesicle |
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albumin/o |
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albumin, protein |
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azot/o |
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nitrogenous compounds |
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bacteri/o |
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bacteria |
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crypt/o |
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hidden |
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gonad/o |
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gonads, sex glands |
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kal/i |
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potassium |
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keton/o |
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ketone bodies |
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noct/o |
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night |
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oilg/o |
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scanty (decreased production) |
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py/o |
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pus |
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-cide |
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killing |
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-genesis |
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forming, producing, origin |
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-iasis |
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abnormal condition |
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-ism |
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condition |
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-spadias |
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slit, fissure |
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-uria |
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urine |
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dia- |
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through, across |
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retro- |
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backward, behind |
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urologist |
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doctor who specializes in treatment of genitourinary disorders |
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pyelonephritis |
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most common form of kidney disease known as kidney infection |
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nephrolithiasis |
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kidney stone |
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benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
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associated with the aging process |
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cryptochidism |
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failure of testes to descend into the scrotum prior to birth |
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anuria |
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absence of urine production or output |
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azotemia |
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retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood (also called uremia) |
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chronic renal failure |
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occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to work |
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dysuria |
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painful or difficult urination |
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enuresis |
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involuntary discharge of urine (incontinence) |
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hydronephrosis |
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water in kidney |
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urgency |
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feeling of the need to urinate (UTI) |
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anorchidism |
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congenital absence of one or both testes (anorchia or anorchism) |
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erectile dysfunction (ED) |
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inability to initiate or maintain an erection |
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hypospadias |
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urethra opens on the underside of the penis |
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sterility |
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inability to produce offspring |
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digital rectal examination (DRE) |
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assess rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer |
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cystoscopy (cysto) |
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endoscopy of bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps |
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prostate-specific antigen (PSA) |
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blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer |
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urinalysis |
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test performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests and microscopic evaluation |
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dialysis |
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medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from bloodstream |
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circumcision |
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removal of all or part of the foreskin |
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vasectomy |
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excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens |
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antibiotics |
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treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes |
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diuretics |
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promote and increase urine excretion |
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