Basic Medical Terminology For Cardiovascular And Lymphatic Root Words Flashcards

diaphoresis profuse sweating incompetent Inability to adequately perform a given function or action leaflet Thin, flattened structure, term used to sescribe the leaf-shaped structures that compose a heart valve. lumen Tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube. malaise Vague, uneasy feeling of body weakness, distress, or discomfort, commonly marking the onset of and persisting through a disease occlusion Blockage of a canal, vessel, or passage of the body; the state of being closed. patent Open and unblocked, such as a patent artery. prophylaxis Preventative measure or technique comonly involving the use of a biologic, chemical, or mechanical agent. pro- before, in front of -phylaxis protection viscosity State of being sticky or gummy aneurysm/o a widening, a widened blood vessel angi/o vessel (usually blood or lymph) vascul/o vessel aort/o aorta arteri/o artery arteriol/o arteriole atri/o atrium ather/o fatty plaque cardi/o heart electr/o electricity embol/o plug hemangi/o blood vessel my/o muscle phleb/o vein ven/o vein scler/o hardening sept/o septum sphygm/o pulse sten/o narrowing, stricture thromb/o blood clot vetricul/o ventricle (of the heart or brain) -gram record, writing -graph instrument for recording -graphy process of recording -sphyxia pulse -stenosis narrowing, stricture brady- slow endo- in, within extra- outside peri- around tachy- rapid trans- across aneurysm Localized abnormal dilation of vessel, usually an artery. arrest condition of being stopped cardiac arrest Loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation. circulatory arrest Cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation. arrythmia Inability of the heart to maintain a steady rhythm, possibly including a rapid, slow, or skipped beat. bruit Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood. Murmur. cardiomyopathy Disease of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function. catheter Thin, flexible, hollow tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure. coarctation Narrowing of a vessel, escpecially the aorta. heart failure Failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs. embolus Mass of undissolved matter circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel. fibrillation Quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions. hemostasis Arrest of bleeding or circulation hem/o blood stasis standing still hyperlipidemia Excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides) in the blood. hypertension Common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 systolic or 90 diastolic. primary hypertension hypertension in which there is no identifiable cause, also called essential hypertension secondary hypertension Hypertension that results from an underlying , identifiable, commonly correctable cause. hypertensive heart disease Any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, and others. implantable cardioverter-debibrillator (ICD) Implantable battery-powered device that monitors and, if necessary, corrects an irregular heart rhythm by sending impulses to the heart. infarct Area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply. ischemia Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction. mitral valve prolapse (MVP) Condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole. radioisotope Chemical radioactive substance used as a tracer to follow a substance through a body or structure. palpitation Sensation that the heart is not beating normally, or a pounding feeling in the chest. patent ductus arteriosus Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery. perfusion Circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels or an organ. tetralogy of Fallot Congenital anomaly caused by increased workload of the aorta. stent slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or an obstructed artery. Stokes-Adams syndrome Altered state of consciousness or fainting due to decreased blood flow to the brain, caused by prolonged asystole. asystole absence of muscular contraction of the heart. thrombus Blood clot that obstructs a vessel. cardiac catheterization Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart. electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) Graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart. Holter monitor test ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings. stress test ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions. nuclear stress test Utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow. cardiac enzyme studies Blood test that measures troponin T, tronponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB). lipid panel Series of tests used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease (lipoproteins, triglycerides, etc). aortography Radiological exam of aorta and its branches with contrast via catheter. cornary angiography Radiological exam of the blood vessels of and around the heart. echocardiography noninvasive method that utilizes ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart. Doppler ultrasound Noninvasive adaption of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart. phonocardiography Imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmurs during the cardiac cycle. scintigraphy Injection and subsequent detection of radioactive isotopes to create images of body parts and identify body functions and diseases. cardioversion Process of restoring the normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electric shock to the exterior of the chest. embolization Technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting material specially designed to occlude the blood vessel. angioplasty Procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter. coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) Surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery. percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Dilation of an accluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance. atherectomy Removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device. catheter ablation Destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal contractions, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume. commisurotomy Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching).