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discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name. |
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taxonomy |
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classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. |
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binomial nomenclature |
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group of closely related species, and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature. |
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genus |
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group or level of organization into which organisms are classified. |
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taxon |
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group of genera that share many characteristics |
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family |
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group of similar families |
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order |
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group of similar orders |
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class |
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group of closely related classes. |
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phylum |
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large taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla. |
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kingdom |
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the study of evolutionary relationships among organims. |
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phylongeny |
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method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history. |
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evolutionary classification |
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characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members. |
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derived character |
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diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms. |
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cladogram |
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model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently. |
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molecular clock |
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most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom. |
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domain |
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domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans. |
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Bacteria |
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kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan. |
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Eubacteria |
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domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan. |
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Archaea |
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kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. |
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Archaebacteria |
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domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals. |
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Eukarya |
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kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi. |
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Protista |
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kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy nutrients from dead organic matter. |
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Fungi |
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kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose. |
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Plantae |
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kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls. |
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Animalia |
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