What Do You Know About The Ancient Egyptian And Romanian Flashcards

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Palette of Narmer, 3100BCE, the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by King Narmer

Stepped Pyramid for King Djoser, Imhotep, 2630-2611BCE

Pyramids at Giza, 2551-2472BCE, Dynasty III, Menkaure/Khafre/Khufu, all have mortuary temples, valley temples, face East- sun rises and sets every day= eternal cycle, rebirth

Great Sphinx, 2520-2494BCE, Giza, Khafre's pyramid, lion/human, Nemes headdress

Seated Statue of Khafre, 2520-2494 BCE, life-size, lion throne, symmetrical, Horus god behind head

Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty, 2490-2472BCE, more important= more rigorous conventions, affectionate woman, Pharoah more important than wife

Seated Scribe, 2551-2528BCE, Saqqara, important/literate, wood=cheaper, painted polychrome, naturalism

Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Senmut, 1504-1496BCE

Hatshepsut w/ offering jars, 1473-1458BCE, upper court of mortuary temple, legitimize power, honor Amen-Re, condemned after death

Nebamun hunting birds, 1390-1352BCE, tomb of Nebamun, shown as active, what he will be doing in after life

Akhenaten, 1353-1350BCE, adopted monotheism, Amarna style, new picture of God-sexless

Bust of Nefertiti, 1349-1336BCE, Amarna period, "beautiful one is here", influential

Akhenaton, Nefertiti and 3 daughters, 1353-1335BCE, relief style, transition to monotheism, candid

Death mask of Tutankhamen, 1323BCE, from innermost coffin in tomb at Thebes, headdress, shown as Osiris (judge, order)- hands crossed over chest

Mentuemhet, 650BCE, similar to Menkaure, closed sculpture, aging

Kouros, 600 BCE, Attica, "male youth" grave marker, not meant to be particular person like in Egypt

Kroisos, 530BCE, Anavysos, died in battle at hands of God Ares, smile= alive, not happy
encaustic- old and ancient medium primarily used for painting items that would have been outside, mix pigment with melted wax

Kritios Boy, 480BCE, from the Acropolis, may have been made by sculptor Kritios, break form unnatural Egyptian pose, made of marble
contrapposto- counter balance

Warrior, 460-450BCE, from sea off Riace Italy, missing spear, hollow casting

Zeus (or Poseidon?), 460-450BCE, from sea off Cape Artemision, trident or bolt, no god-competing in games, stable

Diskobolos, Myron, 450BCE, Roman marble copy after bronze original, vigorous motion- but balanced

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Polykleitos, 450-440BCE, roman marble copy, model for athletes
canon- a rule of proportion (7 head lengths)chiastic pose- Greek "Chi" looks like X

Parthenon, Iktinos and Kallikrates, 447-438BCE, Temple of Athena Parthenos

Athena Parthenos, Phidias, 438BCE, in the cella of the Parthenon, Acropolis

Lapith and Centaur, 447-438BCE, South Metope XXVII of the Parthenon
centauromachy, amazonomachy, gigantomachy

Helios and his Horses, and Dionysos (Herakles?), 438-432BCE, from east pediment of Parthenon, Gods are inactive

Three goddesses (Hestia, Dione, Aphrodite), 438-432BCE, east pediment Parthenon, clothed

Equestrian group, 442-439BCE, north frieze parthenon, Priests and Gods viewing it, beginning of trip up to Parthenon, inactive Gods- man as measure of all

Aphrodite of Knidos, Praxiteles, 250-340 BCE, roman marble copy
Pliny- Roman historian "superior to all works"Venus pudica- modest venus, pose either covering genitalia or breastsHydria- the vessel/vase, new shape used for bathing, part of original design

Hermes and infant Dionysos, Praxiteles, 340BCE
sensuous languor- drunk looking, S shape

Apoxyomenos (Scraper), Lysippos, 330BCE

Weary Herakles (Farnese Herakles), Lysippos, 320BCE

Head of Alexander the Great, 200-150BCELysippos only sculptor sanctioned to produce official portrait of king
Leonine physiognomy- lion facial features

Altar of Zeus, Athena battling Alkyoneos, 175BCENo universal plane, chaos, deeply cutGigantomachy- battles, amazons, centaurs, story of Olympians, Pergamene victory over GaulsHellenistic baroque- all about action

Nike alighting on a warship, 190BCE, upper basin of fountain, recreating naval battle, sanctuary of the great gods, baroque theatricality

Aphrodite (Venus de Milo), Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-Meander, 150-125BCE, overtly erotic

Seated Boxer, 100-50BCE, from Rome, pathetic

Laocoon and his sons, Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes, early first century CE
Aeneid- picks up where Iliad leaves off, follows Aeneid and the founding of Rome

Portrait of Augustus as general, 20BCEleadership no longer defined by agecuirass- armor, return of Roman standard stolen by Parthians, symbolizes army/peopleadlocutio pose- to address crowd

Portrait of Vespasian, 75-79CE, roman general, endears himself to people, built Colosseum
difference between how he shows himself and how Augustus shows himself

Colosseum (Flavian amphitheater), 70-80CE, Rome
for people, not emperornamed for Colossus of Nero statue, as sun godvelarium- umbrella-like constructionbarrel vault- arch repeatedcavea- central areaTitus dedicated in 80CE

Spoils of Jerusalem (relief panel), after 81CE, Arch of Titus, Rome, commemorates military victory, he is dead=god
composite type- Ionic and Corinthian combinedTitus' great conquest at Judea, end of Jewish warsmenorahhigh reliefvictoriesvalorspandrels-space between 2 archesJosephus- Jewish historianpropaganda

Column of Trajan, 112CEnext to forum of Augustus and CaesarStatue of st. peter now on topbase=tombDacia-conquered by Romansnarrative friezeillustrated scroll-

Portrait bust of Hadrian as general, 130-138CE, IsraelTrajan's chosen successor, popular, beard

Pantheon, 118-125CE
temple to all gods, 7 planetary gods, 7 statues

temple front: pediment, entablature, columns

concrete mixture

drum, coffers- inward pushing squares in dome

Oculus- hole, lets in light, thermal effects, pushes the lateral thrust of dome outwards



Portrait of Constantine, 315-330CE, from Basilica Nova, Rome"Caesar of the West" "The great"Iconic (Constantine) vs. Idealized (Augustus)

Distribution of largess, Arch of Constantine, 312-315CEdetail of north friezecommemorate victory over Maxentius and end of civil wargesture of goodwilliconic- late antique style- anti-naturalistic

Triumph of Titus, Arch of Titus, after 81CE

Rome

Titus’ great conquest at Judea- End of Jewish wars in 70CE

menorah

High relief


Basilica Nova (Basilica of Constantine), 306-312CE, Romenot a religious shrine or templepublic venue