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What were the names, subjects and authors of three books published before 1900 that included early progressivist ideas? |
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o Wealth against Commonwealth by Lloyd about Standard Oil Co.
o The Theory of the Leisure Class by Veblen
o How the Other Half Lives by Riis (a Danish immigrant) about NY slums |
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What was the late 19th century philosophy on industry, and why wasn't it effective anymore? |
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· Laissez Faire was not working in the new age because businesses were getting out of control. |
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List five groups of people associated with progressivism |
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o Socialists (often European immigrants fueled by Old World ideas)
o Christians
o Feminists
o Greenback Labor Party
o Populists
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What was muckraking? |
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writing critical exposés in magazines |
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Who was usually the target of muckraking? Give examples with two titles of muckraking pieces. |
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Big businesses & Government. Ex:
o Frenzied Finance by Lawson about his own dishonest speculation company
o The Treason of the Senate by Phillips saying a majority of senators backed industry |
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T or F? Most Muckraking documents were factual and accurate. Explain. |
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True. The muckrakers wanted to avoid being sued for telling lies so they did careful research before writing. |
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What social injustices, besides corruption in big businesses, did muckraking expose? |
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o Slums
o Bad Factory Conditions
o Inequality for blacks (Following the Color Line, by Baker)
o Child Labor (Bitter Cry of the Children, by Spargo)
o Addictive & alcohol laced patent medicines |
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Muckraking seemed noble, but what was its problem? |
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It relied on public response rather than finding a solution |
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What types of people were progressives? |
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Middle class people who felt cheated by other classes, above or below. |
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What were the four objectives of progressivism? |
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1. Gain more control in government and law
2. Reduce dishonesty in politics
3. Achieve direct election of senators
4. Women's suffrage |
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What rights did progressives push for to achieve more control in government and law? |
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o Direct primaries: people chose candidates rather than party bosses
o “Initiative”: People can propose legislation themselves
o “Referendum”: Laws go on the ballot for approval by the people
o “Recall”: Ability to remove elected officials if they are found unfaithful |
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What changes were made to politics to reduce graft? |
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o Corrupt-practice acts, limiting $ spendable on campaign
o Laws banning huge gifts from corps.
o Secret Australian ballots to avoid bribery. |
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Why was direct election of congressmen hard to achieve on a national level? |
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The current plutocratic congressmen liked the method that was in place. Finally the 17th ammendment was passed in 1913 to change it. |
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Did progressivism have the most success on the city, state, or national level? How? |
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City. They would hire non-political city managers that would make reforms and improve the wellbeing of the city. |
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Name one strength and one weakness of the the non-political city manager system. |
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o Attacked slumlords, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, corrupt sale of franchise
o Often favored efficiency over democracy, taking power out of people’s hands |
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What were the four states with the most success at the non-political city manager system, and who were their managers? |
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o #1: Wisconsin w/ Robert. M La Follette
o #2 Oregon
o #3 California w/ Hiram Johnson
o #4 New York w/ Charles Evans Hughes
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What were women's three mediums of progressive action? |
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o Settlement houses (establishments to assist the needy in bad neighborhoods)
o Literary clubs. (educated women, often turned focus to current issues)
o Big organizations like Women’s Trade Union League |
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What kinds of issues did progressive women focuss on and why? |
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Maternal issues, because they were an extension to thier "women's shere".
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One of progressive women's target issues was factory saftety. What are four ways they were involved in this? |
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o Florence Kelley, state of Illinois first factory inspector, and leading advocate
o Muller v. Oregon: Case proving some jobs were too hard on women
o Females created welfare, therefore it focused on women & kids
o Triangle shirtwaist fire 1911 pushed them to work harder for better conditions, created insurance for workers hurt on the job, and legislation regulating conditions |
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What progressive "crusade" was a fail in 1905? |
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Lochner vs. New York, in which a 14 hour work day for bakers was demanded. It did, however, give rise to the 10 hr work day in later years. |
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One of progressive women's target issues was alcoholism. How did they make a difference in this area? |
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They formed the Women's Christian Temperance Union, one of the biggest women's organizations in the world, and caused many small cities and counties to pass "dry laws" |
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