Invented the Cotton Gin |
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Eli Whitney |
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Mechanical Reaper |
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Cyrus McCormick |
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Steel plow |
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John Deer |
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What was the Preemption Act of 1830? |
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squatters could stake out land ahead of surveyors (expansion westward |
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New Improvements in transportation |
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New Roads - Turnpikes and national roadRiver Transportation - Steamboats, flatboats and canals |
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Steamboats |
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Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston |
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Canal example |
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Erie Canal |
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Where did railroads start? |
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England |
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3 benefits of railroads to America |
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- Speed- Cheaper- Encouraged westward settlement |
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Why were railroads dangerous? |
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They had poor construction and accidents were common |
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How were railroads financed? |
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- Mostly by private ventures- States sometimes built their own lines/granted tax breaks- Post office |
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Were railroads internal or external improvements? |
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Internal |
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Name 3 technological improvements |
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- Telegraph- Vulcanized Rubber- Sewing machine |
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Telegraph |
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Samuel B. Morse |
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Vulcanized Rubber |
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Charles Goodyear |
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Sewing machine |
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Isaac Singer |
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Start of industrialization |
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- Handicraft system- Britain's Rule- Francis Cabot Lowell/Lowell System- Urbanization |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
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(1813) First factory with spinning and waving under the same roof with every process mechanized |
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True or false? |
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Immigration picked up after the war if 1812? |
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Immigration ethnic groups |
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- Irish, Germans, Chinese, British, Scandinavians |
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Nativist reactions to immigration |
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- Anti-Immigration stand- Examples of violence- Nativist organizations - The American Party - Know Nothings |
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4 reasons for the anti-immigration stand |
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- New languages and customs- Religious fears- German political radicalism- Irish voting blocs |
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Labor OrganizationsWhat was created in efforts to create national organizations? |
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National Trades Union |
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Urban labor politics |
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- Working man's parties- locofocos |
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3 impacts of the labor parties |
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- 10 hour workday- Measures to ensure payment- Abolition of monopolies |
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What was Deism? |
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God created the earth and left it to it's own fate.Creates earth --> DoneRejected the literal truth of the bible and questioned the divinity of Jesus |
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Deism. Who? |
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Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin |
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Examples of Rational Religion |
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- Unitarianism- Universalism |
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What was Unitarianism? |
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Inherent goodness of humankind. Human reason and conscience was more important that creeds and confession. |
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In what kind of churches was Unitarianism popular? |
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Mass congregational churches |
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What was Universalism? |
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Salvation of all men and women. Not just the predestinedGod was too good to damn any man |
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Who started the Mormon church? |
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Joseph Smith Jr. |
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3 beliefs of the church |
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- Book of Mormon was the lost section of the Bible- Ancient Hebrews inhabited the New World and Jesus had made an appearance to them- Predicts the second coming of Christ |
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Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote... |
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Self-Reliance |
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5 American Literature |
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- Nathaniel Hawthorne- Edgar Allen Poe- Emily Dickinson- Herman Melville- Walt Whitman |
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What are the 3 things that Horace Mann promoted? |
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- Statewide school systems- Training teachers- 6 month school year minimum |
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Emma Willard |
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Troy Female Seminary |
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Mary Lyons |
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Mount Holyoke |
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Vassar |
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First focus on academics |
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Who was Elizabeth Blackwell? |
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The first female to graduate from medical school |
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What were arguments for temperance? |
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- Religious- Health effects- Economy- The suffering of innocents |
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What was the prison reform? |
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Rehabilitation rather than punishment |
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Who fought for better conditions for the mentally ill? |
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Dorothea Dix |
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Crusade for Women's rights |
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- Catherine Beecher (The cult of domesticity)- Lucretia Mott- Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Seneca Falls Convention- Declaration of Rights and Sentiments |
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What were the 4 Utopian societies? |
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- Shaker- Oneida- New Harmony- Brooks Farm |
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Skaker |
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Known for their fits and visionsPreached celibacy |
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Oneida |
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With conversion came perfection"Complex marriage" |
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New Harmony |
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Designed to be a model communitySplit over different plans for the town |
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Brooks Farm |
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High thinking and plain livingEmerson and HawthorneBurned down |
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4 myths of the old south |
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- Gone with the wind- happy slaves- lavish lifestyle- easy lives |
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Reality of the south |
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Distinct from the north- More unity than the north- the weather- biracial population- highly native population- "gentile lifestyle"- agrarian nature |
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What did Edmund Ruffin do? |
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Fertilizers, crop rotation, drainage and good plowing could revitalize the declining soil of his native state. |
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The 3 reasons for the south's industrial lag |
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- Traditional myths- Prestige of land owning- Profitability of slaves |
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Middle Class4 |
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OverseersYeoman farmersLand ownershipGeneral lifestyle |
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The "redneck" culture |
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Poor whites"Southern Hospitality"Mountain People |
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Abolitionists |
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- David Walker- Williams Lloyd Garrison |
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