Fixed-interval schedule |
|
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed. exams.(you know two weeks prior when the test is, but you wont study until one week before.) |
| |
Variable-interval schedule |
|
in operant conditioning, responses are reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time. pop quizes. (you are always studying b/c you don't know when you'll get the test. |
| |
fixed-ratio schedule |
|
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses. sweaters. (you know that after you make 30 sweaters, you'll get paid.) |
| |
variable-ratio schedule |
|
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. like gambling. (you know you'll get money out, you just don't know when.) |
| |
What type of learning is skinner associated with? |
|
operant conditioning. |
| |
what is true about reinforcement? |
|
Learning is most rapid with continuous reinforcement, but intermitted reinforcement preduces the greatest resistance to extiction. |
| |
Cognitive process are important in both? |
|
classical and operant conditioning. |
| |
the highest and most consistent rate of response is preduced by what type of schedule? |
|
variable-ratio schedule |
| |
one difference between classical and operant conditioning is? |
|
in classical conditioning, the responses are automatically triggered by stimuli. |
| |
in garcia and koelling's studies of taste-aversion learning, rats learned to associate what? |
|
taste with sickness. |
| |
What researcher was best known for observational learning? |
|
Bandura |
| |
classical conditioning experiments by rescorla and wagner demonstrate that an important factor in conditioning is what? |
|
the predictability of stimuli |
| |
for most rapid conditioning, a CS should be presented when? |
|
about 1 second after the US. |
| |
Where are mirror neurons found, and they are believed to be the neural basis for what? |
|
found in the frontal lobe, and are the nueral basis for observational learning. |
| |
positive reinforcement |
|
presentation of a desired stimulus |
| |
generalization |
|
tendency for a similar stimulus to evoke a CR |
| |
negative reinforcement |
|
removal of an aversive stimulus |
| |
primary reinforcer |
|
an innately reinforcing stimulus |
| |
conditioned reinforcer |
|
an acquired reinforcer |
| |
intrinsic motivation |
|
the motivation to perform a behavior for its own sake |
| |
shaping |
|
reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a behavior |
| |
spontaneous recovery |
|
the reappearance of a weakened CR |
| |
punishment |
|
presentation of an aversive stimulus |
| |
latent learning |
|
learning that becomes apparent only after reinforcement is provided |
| |
continuous reinforcement |
|
each and every response is reinforced |
| |
extrinsic motivation |
|
a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards. |
| |
Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) ________ comes after a(n) _____. |
|
CS; US |
| |