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urbanized area |
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a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs |
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metropolitan statistical area (MSA) |
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In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the city |
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micropolitan statistical areas |
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an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city |
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concentric zone model (Burgess) |
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a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings |
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sector model (Hoyt) |
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a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district |
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multiple nuclei model (Harris and Ullman) |
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a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities |
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census tract |
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an area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods |
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squatter settlements |
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an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade stuctures |
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filtering |
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a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment |
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redlining |
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a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries |
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urban renewal |
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program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers |
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public housing |
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housing owned by the government; in the U.S., it is rented to residents with low incomes, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes |
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gentrification |
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a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class and owner-occupied area |
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underclass |
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a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics |
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annexation |
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legally adding land area to a ctiy in the United States |
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peripheral model |
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a mdoel of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road |
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edge cities |
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a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area |
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density gradient |
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the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery |
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sprawl |
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development of new housing sites at relatively low density and locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area |
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greenbelts |
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a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area |
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zoning ordinance |
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a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community |
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rush hour |
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the four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic |
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smart growth |
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legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland |
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