AP Human Unit 1 Test

place specific point on earth distinguished by a particular character region area of earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features scale relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole space refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects connections relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space cartography science of mapmaking scale relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on earth projection scientific method of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the country into a system of townshipd and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West township square 6 miles on each side principal meridians north south lines separating twnships base lines east west lines separating twnships sections township is divided into 36 sections 1 square mile GIS (geographic information system) computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data in layers remote sensing the finding of data about Earth's surface from a satellite or from other long-distance methods GPS (global positioning system) system determines accurately the precise position of something on Earth location position something occupies on Earth's surface toponym name given to a place on Earth site physical character of a place(i.e. climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, elevation) situation location of a place relative to other places 1) finding an unfamiliar place 2) understanding it's importance meridian arc between north and south poles. longitude. parallel circle drawn around globe parallel to equator. latitude. prime meridian meridian that passes through GMT at 0 degrees longitude latitude numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel longitude numbering system to indicate the location of a meridian GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) or 0 degrees longitude is master reference for all time zones. east= ahead west= behind International Dateline follows 180 degree longitude you move clock back 24 hours going toward america cultural landscape combination of cultural features (language, region), economic features (agriculture, industry), physical features (climate, vegetation) regional studies each region has its own distinctive landscape that results from a unique combination of social relationships and physical processes formal region uniform/homogeneous region, is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics functional region nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point vernacular region place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity mental map internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface culture body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social formas that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people cultural ecology geographic study of huuman-environment relationships environmental determinism The physical environment caused social development or where you lived affected who you were possibilism the human environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust their environment resources substances that are useful to people, economically and technologically feasable to access, and is socially acceptable to use polder piece of land that is created by draining the water from an area globalization force or process that involves the entire world and resuts in making something worldwide in scope transnational corporation conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located distribution arrangement of a feature in space density frequency with which something occurs in space arithmetic density total # of objects in an area, is commonly used to compare the distribution of population in different countries physiological density # of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture agricultural density number of farmers per unit of farmland concentration event of a feature's spread over space pattern geometric arrangement of objects in space space-time compression reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place distance decay contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears diffusion process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another overtime hearth place from which an innovation originates relocation diffusion spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another expansion diffusion spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process hierarchical diffusion spread of an idea persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places contagious diffusion rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population stimulus diffusion spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse uneven development increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy