AP Biology Chapter 19 Vocab

Protein shell enclosing the viral genome Capsid membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome Viral envelope viruses that infect bacteria Bacteriophage/phage limited variety of hosts a phage can infect Host range phage reproductive cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell Lytic cycle phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle Virulent phage endonuclease that recognizes &cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium Restriction enzyme allows replication of the phage without destroying the host Lysogenic cycle phage capable of using both modes of reproducing within a bacterium Temperate phage phage genome that has been inserted in to a specific site on a bacterial chromosome Prophage RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA &then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome Retrovirus Transcribes and RNA template into DNA, providing and RNA --> DNA information flow, the opposite of the usual Reverse Transcriptase The retrovirus that causes AIDS HIV Symptoms and signs present during the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction in the # of T cells & the appearance of characteristic secondary infections AIDS Integrated viral DNA that never leaves the host's genome, remaining a permanent resident of the cell Provirus Harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen Vaccine General outbreak of a disease Epidemic Global epidemic Pandemic circular RNA molecules that infect plants Viroids Infectious proteins that appear to cause a # of degenerative brain diseases in various animal species Prions