Why should Chemistry be studied in A+P class? |
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Body functions depend on Cellular functions. |
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Anything that takes up space and has weight; composed of elements. |
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Matter |
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Composed of chemically identical atoms |
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Elements |
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These type of elements are required by the body in large amounts. |
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Bulk elements |
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These type of elements are required by the body in small amounts. |
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Trace elements |
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These types of elements are toxic to the body in large amounts |
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Ultratrace elements |
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Smallest particle of an element |
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Atoms |
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Part of an atom that carries a single positive charge |
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Proton |
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Part of an atom that carries no electrical charge |
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Neutron |
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Part of an atom that carries a single negative charge. They revolve around the nucleus. |
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Electron |
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Term for the number of protons n the nucleus of one atom and equals the number of electrons in the atom. |
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Atomic Number |
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The number of protons plus the number of neutrons of the atom. |
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Atomic Weight |
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Is it a different element if the number of protons change? |
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Yes |
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Is it a different element if the number of neutrons change? |
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No, but it becomes an isotope. |
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How do you find the neutron number? |
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Atomic weight minus the atomic number. |
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Atoms with the same atomic numbers but with different atomic weights are called? |
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Isotopes. They have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. |
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This type of radiation is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. |
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Alpha radiation |
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This type of radiation is composed of fast moving electrons. |
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Beta Radiation |
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This type of radiation is composed of electromagnetic wave energy |
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Gamma radiation |
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Particle formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine |
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Molecule |
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Particle formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combine. |
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Compound |
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These depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule. Ex: H2
C6 H12 O6 |
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Molecular Formulas |
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_______ form when atoms combine with other atoms. |
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Bonds |
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Electrons of an atom occupy regions of space called _________ _________ which circle the nucleus. |
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Electron shells |
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If the outermost shell is full, the atom is stable and is categorized as one of the ________ _________. |
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Noble Gases |
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An atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable and is an electrically charged atom. |
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Ion |
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A negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains electrons. |
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Anion |
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A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons. |
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Cation |
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An attraction b.w. a cation and anion formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom. |
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Ionic Bond |
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Bond formed when atoms share electrons. |
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Covalent Bond |
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A molecule with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end that results when electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds. |
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Polar Molecule. Water is an important polar molecule. |
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A weak attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule |
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Hydrogen Bond |
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This is when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ions, or molecules. |
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Chemical Reaction |
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The starting materials of the reaction |
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Reactants |
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The substances formed at the end of a chemical reaction |
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Products |
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This is the type of reaction when more complex chemical structures are formed. A+B = AB |
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Synthesis Reaction |
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This is the type of reaction when chemical bonds are broken to form simpler chemical structures. AB----> A + B |
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Decomposition Reaction |
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This is the type of reaction when chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. AB + CD -----> AD + CB |
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Exchange Reaction |
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This is the type of reaction when the products can change back to the reactants. A + B AB |
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Reversible Reaction |
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_______ are substances that release ions in water. |
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Electrolytes |
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Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water |
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Acids |
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Substances that release ions that can combine with Hydrogen Ions |
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Bases |
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Electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base |
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salts |
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Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
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PH Scale |
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These kind of molecules contain C and U, are large, and dissolve in water |
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Organic Molecules |
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These kinds of molecules generally do not contain C, are small, and dissociate in water. |
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Inorganic Molecules |
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Needing Oxygen |
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Aerobic |
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Does not need oxygen |
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Anaerobic |
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What are the 4 organic substances? |
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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids |
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