Anatomy And Physiology Test 1 Study Cards Chapter 2 Flashcard

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Why should Chemistry be studied in A+P class? Body functions depend on Cellular functions.
Anything that takes up space and has weight; composed of elements. Matter
Composed of chemically identical atoms Elements
These type of elements are required by the body in large amounts. Bulk elements
These type of elements are required by the body in small amounts. Trace elements
These types of elements are toxic to the body in large amounts Ultratrace elements
Smallest particle of an element Atoms
Part of an atom that carries a single positive charge Proton
Part of an atom that carries no electrical charge Neutron
Part of an atom that carries a single negative charge. They revolve around the nucleus. Electron
Term for the number of protons n the nucleus of one atom and equals the number of electrons in the atom. Atomic Number
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons of the atom. Atomic Weight
Is it a different element if the number of protons change? Yes
Is it a different element if the number of neutrons change? No, but it becomes an isotope.
How do you find the neutron number? Atomic weight minus the atomic number.
Atoms with the same atomic numbers but with different atomic weights are called? Isotopes. They have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.
This type of radiation is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Alpha radiation
This type of radiation is composed of fast moving electrons. Beta Radiation
This type of radiation is composed of electromagnetic wave energy Gamma radiation
Particle formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine Molecule
Particle formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combine. Compound
These depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule. Ex: H2 C6 H12 O6 Molecular Formulas
_______ form when atoms combine with other atoms. Bonds
Electrons of an atom occupy regions of space called _________ _________ which circle the nucleus. Electron shells
If the outermost shell is full, the atom is stable and is categorized as one of the ________ _________. Noble Gases
An atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable and is an electrically charged atom. Ion
A negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains electrons. Anion
A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons. Cation
An attraction b.w. a cation and anion formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom. Ionic Bond
Bond formed when atoms share electrons. Covalent Bond
A molecule with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end that results when electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds. Polar Molecule. Water is an important polar molecule.
A weak attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule Hydrogen Bond
This is when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ions, or molecules. Chemical Reaction
The starting materials of the reaction Reactants
The substances formed at the end of a chemical reaction Products
This is the type of reaction when more complex chemical structures are formed. A+B = AB Synthesis Reaction
This is the type of reaction when chemical bonds are broken to form simpler chemical structures. AB----> A + B Decomposition Reaction
This is the type of reaction when chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. AB + CD -----> AD + CB Exchange Reaction
This is the type of reaction when the products can change back to the reactants. A + B AB Reversible Reaction
_______ are substances that release ions in water. Electrolytes
Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water Acids
Substances that release ions that can combine with Hydrogen Ions Bases
Electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base salts
Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution PH Scale
These kind of molecules contain C and U, are large, and dissolve in water Organic Molecules
These kinds of molecules generally do not contain C, are small, and dissociate in water. Inorganic Molecules
Needing Oxygen Aerobic
Does not need oxygen Anaerobic
What are the 4 organic substances? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids