Anatomy Lab Practical 1

voluntary muscle tissue skeletal muscle Forms inner lining of trachea pseudostratified columnar dry, dead cell material on skin surface keratin space inside a hollow organ or blood vessel lumen space in which chondrocytes or osteocytes reside lacuna cell that produces mucus goblet cell hair-like tufts that sweep material along cell surface cilia forms lining of kidney tubules simple cuboidal specialized connections between cardiac muscle tissues intercalated discs provides sturdy support for trachea, larynx, and nose hyaline cartilage Forms serous membranes simple squamous light and dark banding seen in some muscle tissue striations simple squamous epithelial characteristics one layer thick, "fried egg" from apical view, irregular shape with nucleus hanging toward side simple squamous epithelial locations found aveoli of lungs simple squamous epithelial function diffusion simple cuboidal epithelial characteristics one cell thick, cube-shaped cell, with aligned nuclei simple cuboidal function absorption and secretion simple cuboidal found kidney tubules simple columnar characteristics single layer of tall, narrow cells; elongated oval shaped nuclei found in basal half of cell simple columnar functions absorption simple columnar found inner lining of stomach and intestines pseudostratified columnar looks multilayered, some cells don't reach free surface, but all reach basal membrane. Often with goblet cells and cilia pseudostratified columnar found respiratory tract pseudostratified columnar functions secrete and propel mucus transitional epithelial characteristics "bunny ear," nucleus toward bottom with rounded tops, relaxes and stretches as transitions from one type to another transitional epithelial functions stretch to allow filling of urinary tract transitional epithelial found urinary tract, bladder stratified squamous epithelial characteristics multiple cell layers deep, increasingly flat and scaly toward surface; nonkeratinized same but without surface layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelial keratinized found epidermis (palms and soles especially heavily keratinized) stratified squamous epithelial keratinized function resists abrasion, retards water loss through skin stratified squamous epithelial nonkeratinized function resist abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms stratified squamous epithelial nonkeratinized found tongue, vagina stratified cuboidal epithelium characteristics two or more layers of cube shaped cells stratified cuboidal epithelium found egg-producing vesicles of ovaries and sperm-producing ducts of testis Areolar tissue characteristics loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers, scattered cells, many blood vessels areolar tissue found underlying epithelia areolar tissue function loosely bind epithelia to deeper tissue, allows passage of nerves and blood vessels through other tissues reticular tissue characteristics loose network of reticular fibers and cells, with leukocytes and other blood cells reticular tissue found lymph nodes, spleen reticular tissue functions framework for soft organs adipose tissue characteristics white puffy 'cloud like' with nucleus on edges of thin margins adipose tissue function energy storage, cushioning adipose tissue found subcutaneous fat beneath skin dense regular connective tissue characteristics densely packed wavy collagen fibers, with ground substance and some nuclei dense regular connective tissue found tendons and ligaments dense regular connective tissue function bind bones and muscles dense irregular connective tissue characteristics densely packed collagen fibers running in random direction, few visible cells, few blood vessels dense irregular connective tissue found deep portion of dermis dense irregular connective tissue function durable, withstand stresses to body hyaline cartilage characteristics clear, gassy matrix with 'hyena spots' and doubled nuclei clusters hyaline cartilage found rings of trachea hyaline cartilage function holds airway open during respiration elastic cartilage characteristics hyaline cartilage with elastic fibers in weblike mesh elastic cartilage found external ear elastic cartilage functions flexible, elastic support fibrocartilage characteristics parallel collagen fibers with rows of chondrocytes in lacunae between fibers fibrocartilage found pubic symphysis fibrocartilage functions absorbs shock bone characteristics "tree ring" appearance with matrix and central canal; lacunae surround canal blood characteristics platelets with larger WBCs mixed in blood found heart and blood vessels multipolar neuron characteristics 'sea monster' surrounded by smaller glial cells; dendrites and axons multipolar neuron found brain and spinal cord multipolar neuron functions internal communication skeletal muscle characteristics striated, voluntary, long, unbranched with multiple nuclei cardiac muscle characteristics striated, interwoven, single nuclei per cell and intercalated discs, involuntary smooth muscle characteristics nonstriated, involuntary, overlapping cells with single nuclei elongated goblet cell cell that stores and secretes mucus chondrocytes cartilage cells matrix extracellular material in connective tissue on the surface view from the top apical at the bottom, view from below basal or basement 3 things to consider when classifying tissues shape, layers, and location of nuclei chondrocyte cartilage cell; former chondroblast that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix predominant fibers in reticular tissue reticular fiber ground substance gelatinous fluid that absorbs compressive forces and protects delicate cells from injury. Found in space around cells and fibers in connective tissue fibroblast large cells that are thin and wispy, produce the fibers and ground substance that form matrix of tissue