Jumpers are used to configure computer peripherals such as Hard Drives, Modems, Sound Cards, and various other components. For example when installing a new hard drive you may need to change the jumper settings depending on whether the hard drive is a master drive or a slave drive.
Jumpers allow the computer to close an electrical circuit allowing the electricity to flow throughout certain sections of the circuit board. Generally the jumpers consist of a set of small pins, which can be covered with a small plastic box. This box connects the two pins together allowing the electricity to flow freely between the two pins. Similar to Jumpers are the Switches.